{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T21:34:38Z","timestamp":1775079278342,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009392","name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSAU\/2023\/01\/25781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSAU\/2023\/01\/25781"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Within the dynamic realm of social media, the proliferation of harmful content can significantly influence user engagement and emotional health. This study presents an in-depth analysis that bridges diverse domains, from examining the aftereffects of personal online attacks to the intricacies of online trolling. By leveraging an AI-driven framework, we systematically implemented high-precision attack detection, psycholinguistic feature extraction, and sentiment analysis algorithms, each tailored to the unique linguistic contexts found within user-generated content on platforms like Reddit. Our dataset, which spans a comprehensive spectrum of social media interactions, underwent rigorous analysis employing classical statistical methods, Bayesian estimation, and model-theoretic analysis. This multi-pronged methodological approach allowed us to chart the complex emotional responses of users subjected to online negativity, covering a spectrum from harassment and cyberbullying to subtle forms of trolling. Empirical results from our study reveal a clear dose\u2013response effect; personal attacks are quantifiably linked to declines in user activity, with our data indicating a 5% reduction after 1\u20132 attacks, 15% after 3\u20135 attacks, and 25% after 6\u201310 attacks, demonstrating the significant deterring effect of such negative encounters. Moreover, sentiment analysis unveiled the intricate emotional reactions users have to these interactions, further emphasizing the potential for AI-driven methodologies to promote more inclusive and supportive digital communities. This research underscores the critical need for interdisciplinary approaches in understanding social media\u2019s complex dynamics and sheds light on significant insights relevant to the development of regulation policies, the formation of community guidelines, and the creation of AI tools tailored to detect and counteract harmful content. The goal is to mitigate the impact of such content on user emotions and ensure the healthy engagement of users in online spaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers13050114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T08:49:24Z","timestamp":1714380564000},"page":"114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Harnessing Machine Learning to Unveil Emotional Responses to Hateful Content on Social Media"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Louati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems Department, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassen","family":"Louati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Kingdom University, Riffa 3903, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Albanyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Engineering Department, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahma","family":"Lahyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operations and Project Management Department, College of Business, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3226-6412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elham","family":"Kariri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems Department, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1066-6725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Alabduljabbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems Department, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2006.9.584","article-title":"Friend networking sites and their relationship to adolescents\u2019 well-being and social self-esteem","volume":"9","author":"Valkenburg","year":"2006","journal-title":"CyberPsychol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.2190\/8YQM-B04H-PG4D-BLLH","article-title":"Cyber-harassment: A study of a new method for an old behavior","volume":"32","author":"Beran","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Educ. Comput. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/puar.12261","article-title":"Looking for friends, fans, and followers? Social media use in public and nonprofit human services","volume":"74","author":"Campbell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public Adm. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/01639620701457816","article-title":"Cyberbullying: An exploratory analysis of factors related to offending and victimization","volume":"29","author":"Hinduja","year":"2008","journal-title":"Deviant Behav."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2018.12.005","article-title":"Social media use and adolescent mental health: Findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study","volume":"6","author":"Kelly","year":"2018","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"64","article-title":"Self-Esteem, Daily Internet Use and Social Media Addiction as Predictors of Depression among Turkish Adolescents","volume":"7","author":"Kircaburun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Educ. Pract."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12662","article-title":"Associations between problematic Internet use and psychiatric symptoms among university students in Japan","volume":"72","author":"Kitazawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Py\u017calski, J., and Poleszak, W. (2019). Prevention in School: Current Situation and Future Prospects for Prevention in Poland, You Have a Chance Foundation."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Culpepper, M. (2020). Exploring the relationships of social media usage and symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1108\/ITP-06-2019-0289","article-title":"Correlates of social media fatigue and academic performance decrement: A large cross-sectional study","volume":"34","author":"Malik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inf. Technol. People"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/08832323.2019.1644276","article-title":"WhatsApp and academic performance among undergraduate students in Ghana: Evidence from the University of Cape Coast","volume":"95","author":"Afful","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Educ. Bus."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2018.1464652","article-title":"The impact of WhatsApp use on academic achievement among Saudi medical students","volume":"40","author":"Alkhalaf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Teach."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeboah, A.K., and Smith, P. (2016). Relationships between minority students online learning experiences and academic performance. Online Learn., 20.","DOI":"10.24059\/olj.v20i4.577"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2019.109639","article-title":"Social networking site use and self-esteem: A meta-analytic review","volume":"153","author":"Saiphoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pudipeddi, J.S., Akoglu, L., and Tong, H. (2014, January 7\u201311). User churn in focused question answering sites: Characterizations and prediction. Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on World Wide Web, Seoul, Republic of Korea.","DOI":"10.1145\/2567948.2576965"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, S., Hamilton, W.L., Leskovec, J., and Jurafsky, D. (2018, January 23\u201327). Community interaction and conflict on the web. Proceedings of the 2018 World Wide Web Conference, Lyon, France.","DOI":"10.1145\/3178876.3186141"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9044","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.9044","article-title":"Self-harm, suicidal behaviours, and cyberbullying in children and young people: Systematic review","volume":"20","author":"John","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"D\u00edaz, \u00c1., and Hecht-Felella, L. (2021). Double Standards in Social Media Content Moderation, Brennan Center for Justice at New York University School of Law. Available online: https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/research-reports\/double-standards-socialmedia-content-moderation."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1145\/3409116","article-title":"A decade of social bot detection","volume":"63","author":"Cresci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1145\/2818717","article-title":"The rise of social bots","volume":"59","author":"Ferrara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varol, O., Ferrara, E., Davis, C., Menczer, F., and Flammini, A. (2017, January 15\u201318). Online human-bot interactions: Detection, estimation, and characterization. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, Montreal, QC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v11i1.14871"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06930-7","article-title":"The spread of low-credibility content by social bots","volume":"9","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12435","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1803470115","article-title":"Bots increase exposure to negative and inflammatory content in online social systems","volume":"115","author":"Stella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"9","article-title":"Evolution of bot and human behavior during elections","volume":"24","author":"Luceri","year":"2019","journal-title":"First Monday"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Marouf, A., Hasan, M.K., and Mahmud, H. (2019, January 7\u20139). Identifying neuroticism from user generated content of social media based on psycholinguistic cues. Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE), Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh.","DOI":"10.1109\/ECACE.2019.8679505"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2022.103012","article-title":"The language and targets of online trolling: A psycholinguistic approach for social cybersecurity","volume":"59","author":"Uyheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Manag."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3309699","article-title":"The web of false information: Rumors, fake news, hoaxes, clickbait, and various other shenanigans","volume":"11","author":"Zannettou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Data Inf. Qual."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"5771","article-title":"When disinformation studies meets production studies: Social identities and moral justifications in the political trolling industry","volume":"13","author":"Ong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/poi3.184","article-title":"Unpacking the social media bot: A typology to guide research and policy","volume":"12","author":"Gorwa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Policy Internet"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2020.102303","article-title":"How many bots in Russian troll tweets?","volume":"57","author":"Alsmadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Manag."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"11","article-title":"Characterizing social media manipulation in the 2020 US presidential election","volume":"25","author":"Ferrara","year":"2020","journal-title":"First Monday"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s10588-020-09322-9","article-title":"Social cybersecurity: An emerging science","volume":"26","author":"Carley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Organ. Theory"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Addawood, A., Balakumar, P., and Diesner, J. (April, January 31). Categorization and Comparison of Influential Twitter Users and Sources Referenced in Tweets for Two Health-Related Topics. Proceedings of the Information in Contemporary Society: 14th International Conference, iConference 2019, Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-15742-5_60"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3161603","article-title":"Detection and resolution of rumours in social media: A survey","volume":"51","author":"Zubiaga","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1093\/migration\/mnab001","article-title":"Twitter as social media arena for polarised social representations about the (im) migration: The controversial discourse in the Italian and international political frame","volume":"9","author":"Bocci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Migr. Stud."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gltp.2021.08.039","article-title":"Sentimental analysis of Indian regional languages on social media","volume":"2","author":"Rakshitha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob. Trans. Proc."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jum.2021.03.002","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ride-hailing services based on large-scale Twitter data analysis","volume":"10","author":"Morshed","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Urban Manag."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuri.2022.100048","article-title":"An efficient way of text-based emotion analysis from social media using LRA-DNN","volume":"2","author":"Shelke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Inform."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5675","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-020-09831-8","article-title":"A hybridization of deep learning techniques to predict and control traffic disturbances","volume":"53","author":"Louati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.106883","article-title":"Cloud-assisted collaborative estimation for next-generation automobile sensing","volume":"126","author":"Louati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Louati, A., Louati, H., Kariri, E., Neifar, W., Hassan, M.K., Khairi, M.H., Farahat, M.A., and El-Hoseny, H.M. (2024). Sustainable Smart Cities through Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning-Based Cooperative Autonomous Vehicles. Sustainability, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/su16051779"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alghamdi, H.M. (2024). nveiling Sentiments: A Comprehensive Analysis of Arabic Hajj-Related Tweets from 2017\u20132022 Utilizing Advanced AI Models. Big Data Cogn. Comput., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc8010005"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s10772-017-9422-4","article-title":"Opinion mining and sentiment analysis for Arabic on-line texts: Application on the political domain","volume":"20","author":"Najar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Speech Technol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sghaier, M.A., and Zrigui, M. (2016, January 22\u201324). Sentiment analysis for Arabic e-commerce websites. Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Engineering & MIS (ICEMIS), Agadir, Morocco.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEMIS.2016.7745323"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Mourad, A., and Darwish, K. (2013, January 14). Subjectivity and sentiment analysis of modern standard Arabic and Arabic microblogs. Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment and Social Media Analysis, Atlanta, GA, USA."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alwakid, G., Osman, T., Haj, M.E., Alanazi, S., Humayun, M., and Sama, N.U. (2022). MULDASA: Multifactor Lexical Sentiment Analysis of Social-Media Content in Nonstandard Arabic Social Media. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12083806"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"229","article-title":"Semantic sentiment analysis in Arabic social media","volume":"29","author":"Tartir","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-022-10080-5","article-title":"Tracking public opinion about online education over COVID-19 in China","volume":"70","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Educ. Technol. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"To\u00e7o\u011flu, M.A., and Onan, A. (2020, January 21\u201323). Sentiment analysis on students\u2019 evaluation of higher educational institutions. Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, Istanbul, Turkey.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51156-2_197"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1108\/EL-06-2019-0140","article-title":"Aspect-based sentiment analysis of reviews in the domain of higher education","volume":"38","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electron. Libr."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3991\/ijet.v14i11.10275","article-title":"Skill-Centered Assessment in an Academic Course: A Formative Approach to Evaluate Student Performance and Make Continuous Quality Improvements in Pedagogy","volume":"14","author":"Mohiudddin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"986","article-title":"Sentimental analysis of student feedback using machine learning techniques","volume":"8","author":"Dsouza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Recent Technol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-020-09858-2","article-title":"Machine learning for human learners: Opportunities, issues, tensions and threats","volume":"69","author":"Webb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educ. Technol. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-018-0862-8","article-title":"Sentiment analysis: A review and comparative analysis over social media","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ambient. Intell. Humaniz. Comput."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alrehili, A., and Albalawi, K. (2019, January 3\u20134). Sentiment analysis of customer reviews using ensemble method. Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Computer and Information Sciences (ICCIS), Aljouf, Saudi Arabia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCISci.2019.8716454"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocs.2017.11.006","article-title":"Deep Recurrent neural network vs. support vector machine for aspect-based sentiment analysis of Arabic hotels\u2019 reviews","volume":"27","author":"Qawasmeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Horaibi, L., and Khan, M.B. (2016, January 11\u201313). Sentiment analysis of Arabic tweets using text mining techniques. Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Pattern Recognition, Tokyo, Japan.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2242187"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Louati, A., Louati, H., Kariri, E., Alaskar, F., and Alotaibi, A. (2023). Sentiment Analysis of Arabic Course Reviews of a Saudi University Using Support Vector Machine. Appl. Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/app132312539"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2016.09.061","article-title":"Space radiation simulation using blowout plasma wakes at the SAMURAI Lab","volume":"865","author":"Roussel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A"},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Manwani, P., Ancelin, H., Majernik, N., Williams, O., Sakai, Y., Fukasawa, A., and Naranjo, B. (2022, January 7\u201312). Simulations for the Space Plasma Experiments at the SAMURAI Lab. Proceedings of the NAPAC2022, Albuquerque, NM, USA."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439318791786","article-title":"Countering hate speech on Facebook: The case of the Roma minority in Slovakia","volume":"38","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Comp. Rev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1494-7","article-title":"Hidden resilience and adaptive dynamics of the global online hate ecology","volume":"573","author":"Seering","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"71","article-title":"Moderator engagement and community development in the age of algorithms","volume":"21","author":"Seering","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Media Soc."}],"container-title":["Computers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-431X\/13\/5\/114\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:36:08Z","timestamp":1760106968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-431X\/13\/5\/114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["computers13050114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/computers13050114","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-431X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-431X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]}}}