{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T16:46:27Z","timestamp":1778345187603,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Prince Sultan University","award":["PSAU\/2023\/R\/1445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSAU\/2023\/R\/1445"]}]},{"name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","award":["PSAU\/2023\/R\/1445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSAU\/2023\/R\/1445"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Renewable energy sources play a critical role in all governments\u2019 and organizations\u2019 energy management and sustainability plans. The solar cell represents one such renewable energy resource, generating power in a population-free circumference. Integrating these renewable sources with the smart grids leads to the generation of green smart grids. Smart grids are critical for modernizing electricity distribution by using new communication technologies that improve power system efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. Smart grids assist in balancing supply and demand by allowing for real-time monitoring and administration, as well as accommodating renewable energy sources and reducing outages. However, their execution presents considerable problems. High upfront expenditures and the need for substantial and reliable infrastructure changes present challenges. Despite these challenges, shifting to green smart grids is critical for a resilient and adaptable energy future that can fulfill changing consumer demands and environmental aims. To this end, this work considers developing a reliable Internet of Things (IoT)-based green smart grid. The proposed green grid integrates traditional grids with solar energy and provides a control unit between the generation and consumption parts of the grid. The work deploys intelligent IoT units to control energy demands and manage energy consumption effectively. The proposed framework deploys the paradigm of distributed edge computing in four levels to provide efficient data offloading and power management. The developed green grid outperformed traditional grids in terms of its reliability and energy efficiency. The proposed green grid reduces energy consumption over the distribution area by an average of 24.3% compared to traditional grids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers13070169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T07:57:45Z","timestamp":1720425465000},"page":"169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Internet of Things-Based Robust Green Smart Grid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2380-3071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rania A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6433-8041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Abdelraouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaimaa Ahmed","family":"Elsaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9349-1985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"ElAffendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5068-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed A. Abd","family":"El-Latif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menouf 32511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. A.","family":"Shaalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1610-9612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelhamied A.","family":"Ateya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"},{"name":"EIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"101113","article-title":"Flexibility: Literature Review on Concepts, Modeling, and Provision Method in Smart Grid. 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