{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T08:30:33Z","timestamp":1765269033903,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article presents the design and implementation of an API that delivers real-time promotional notifications to mobile devices based on their proximity to shopping centers, calculated using the Haversine formula. Developed in Laravel, the API determines whether a mobile device is within a 600 m radius of any registered shopping center, such as Soriana, GranD, and HEB, and sends the relevant promotional information. The system uses Petri nets to model asynchronous behavior, enabling efficient concurrency management between the mobile application and the API. This structure ensures optimized message delivery, preventing communication collisions and delays. The mobile application, developed in Kotlin, integrates geolocation services to capture and update the user\u2019s location in real time. The results indicate an improvement in response time and proximity detection accuracy, highlighting the effectiveness of the Petri net model for systems requiring concurrent interaction. The combination of Laravel, Kotlin, and formal modeling with Petri nets proves to be an effective and scalable solution for proximity-based mobile applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers14020050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T05:50:36Z","timestamp":1738734636000},"page":"50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Modeling Mobile Applications for Proximity-Based Promotion Delivery to Shopping Centers Using Petri Nets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8113-375X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Velazquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technology Departament, Polytechnic University of Victoria, Ciudad Victoria 87138, Tamaulipas, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5731-6677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben","family":"Machucho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technology Departament, Polytechnic University of Victoria, Ciudad Victoria 87138, Tamaulipas, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2348-7088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose F.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technology Departament, Polytechnic University of Victoria, Ciudad Victoria 87138, Tamaulipas, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2650-8932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiram","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technology Departament, Polytechnic University of Victoria, Ciudad Victoria 87138, Tamaulipas, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1060-6455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge-Arturo","family":"Hernandez-Almazan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technology Departament, Polytechnic University of Victoria, Ciudad Victoria 87138, Tamaulipas, Mexico"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-02012-8","article-title":"Impact of mobile phones and wireless devices use on children and adolescents\u2019 mental health: A systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Spiers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20269","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-14400-6","article-title":"The current state and future of mobile security in the light of the recent mobile security threat reports","volume":"82","author":"Cevahir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.3390\/math10142380","article-title":"Design and Experience of Mobile Applications: A Pilot Survey","volume":"10","author":"Sandesara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Marketing Strategies in the Era of Mobile Applications: The Use of Geolocation and Contextual Advertising","volume":"69","author":"Riabova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Econ. Aff."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134172","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3229971","article-title":"Efficient Mobile Location Tracking and Data Reduction for Proximity Detection Applications","volume":"10","author":"Landolsi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"209","article-title":"The consideration factors of adopting location-based advertising push platform","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Syst. Change Manag."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2024.103993","article-title":"Untapping the potential of mobile location data: The opportunities and challenges for retail analytics","volume":"81","author":"Aversa","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3674967","article-title":"Towards Automated Accessibility Report Generation for Mobile Apps","volume":"31","author":"Swearngin","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50355","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2979970","article-title":"A Simulation-Based Optimization Approach for Reliability-Aware Service Composition in Edge Computing","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emish, M., Kelani, Z., Hassani, M., and Young, S.D. (2023). A Mobile Health Application Using Geolocation for Behavioral Activity Tracking. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23187917"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68038","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2878807","article-title":"Modeling and Analysis for Mobile Computing Systems Based on Petri Nets: A Survey","volume":"6","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"433","article-title":"Application of the haversine distance method to the job and vacancies search system in the entertainment sector in Indonesia","volume":"5","author":"Junaedi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Tek. Inform."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s41403-020-00137-3","article-title":"Development of An Android Application for Viewing COVID-19 Containment Zones and Monitoring Violators Who are Trespassing into It Using Firebase and Geofencing","volume":"5","author":"Mallik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trans. Indian Natl. Acad. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brito, C., Rodrigues, L., Santos, B., F\u00e9, I., Nguyen, T., Min, D., Lee, J., and Silva, F.A. (2021). Stochastic Model Driven Performance and Availability Planning for a Mobile Edge Computing System. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11094088"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsieh, F. (2021). Temporal Analysis of Influence of Resource Failures on Cyber-Physical Systems Based on Discrete Timed Petri Nets. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11146469"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109041","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review of Indoor\/Outdoor Localization Solutions in IoT era: Research Challenges and Future Perspectives","volume":"212","author":"Asaad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"02040","DOI":"10.1051\/shsconf\/20219202040","article-title":"Geolocation Services and Marketing Communication from a Global Point of View","volume":"92","year":"2021","journal-title":"SHS Web Conf."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahouda, M.K., Jin, S., and Joe, I. (2023). Machine Learning-Based Solutions for Handover Decisions in Non-Terrestrial Networks. Electronics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12081759"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.47839\/ijc.20.1.2091","article-title":"Cross-Platform Mobile App Development in Industry: A Multiple Case-Study","volume":"20","author":"Zohud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wojnakowski, M., Mali\u0144ski, M., Wi\u015bniewski, R., Obuchowicz, A., Li, Z., and Konarczak, D. (2025). A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for Detection of Uncovered Transitions in a Petri Net-Based Concurrent System. Appl. Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/app15020680"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volpe, G., Fiore, M., la Grasta, A., Albano, F., Stefanizzi, S., Mongiello, M., and Mangini, A.M. (2024). A Petri Net and LSTM Hybrid Approach for Intrusion Detection Systems in Enterprise Networks. Sensor, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/s24247924"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brito, C., Silva, L., Callou, G., Nguyen, T., Min, D., Lee, J., and Silva, F.A. (2021). Offloading Data through Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Dependability Evaluation. Electronics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10161916"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2022.3206999","article-title":"Modeling and Analysis of Three Properties of Mobile Interactive Systems Based on Variable Petri Nets","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"10","article-title":"Modelado de Software para Dispositivos M\u00f3viles Usando Redes de Petri","volume":"7","author":"Velazquez","year":"2013","journal-title":"TecnoINTELECTO"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, R.H., and Miah, J. (2022). Performance Evaluation of a new one-time password (OTP) scheme using stochastic petri net (SPN). AIIoT, 407\u2013412.","DOI":"10.1109\/AIIoT54504.2022.9817203"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.24874\/IJQR17.02-01","article-title":"An Automated Grading Framework For The Mobile Development Programming Language Kotlin","volume":"17","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christakakis, P., Papadopoulou, G., Mikos, G., Kalogiannidis, N., Ioannidis, D., Tzovaras, D., and Pechlivani, E.M. (2024). Smartphone-Based Citizen Science Tool for Plant Disease and Insect Pest Detection Using Artificial Intelligence. Technologies, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/technologies12070101"}],"container-title":["Computers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-431X\/14\/2\/50\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:27:03Z","timestamp":1760027223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-431X\/14\/2\/50"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["computers14020050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/computers14020050","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-431X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-431X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]}}}