{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:50:28Z","timestamp":1760057428589,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"King Khalid University","award":["RGP2\/212\/45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/212\/45"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks play a crucial role in enabling Smart City applications by facilitating seamless communication between vehicles and infrastructure. This study evaluates the throughput performance of different routing protocols, specifically AODV, AODV:TOM, AODV:DEM, GPSR, GPSR:TOM, and GPSR:DEM, under various city and highway scenarios in complex networks. The analysis covers key parameters including traffic generation, packet sizes, mobility speeds, and pause times. Results indicate that TOM and DEM profiles significantly improve throughput compared to traditional AODV and GPSR protocols. GPSR:TOM achieves the highest throughput across most scenarios, making it a promising solution for high-performance data transmission in Smart Cities. For instance, GPSR:TOM achieves an average throughput of 3.2 Mbps in city scenarios compared to 2.8 Mbps for GPSR, while in highway scenarios, the throughput increases to 3.6 Mbps. Additionally, AODV:DEM records a throughput of 3.4 Mbps for high traffic generation, outperforming AODV:TOM at 3.1 Mbps and baseline AODV at 2.7 Mbps. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing data throughput to ensure reliability and efficiency in complex vehicle interconnection systems, which are critical for traffic management, accident prevention, and real-time communication in smart urban environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers14020056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T04:37:04Z","timestamp":1739335024000},"page":"56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["High-Performance Data Throughput Analysis in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks for Smart Vehicle Interconnection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3204-4070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa Kamal Yousif","family":"Dafhalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ha\u2019il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8010-1909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amira Elsir Tayfour","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information System, College of Science & Arts, King Khalid University, Mohyel Asser 62521, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5495-5118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nada Mohamed Osman","family":"Sid Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ha\u2019il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Ameni","family":"Filali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ha\u2019il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Lutfieh S.","family":"Alhomed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ha\u2019il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Fawzia Awad Elhassan","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Applied College, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Asma Ibrahim Gamar","family":"Eldeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Applied College, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Elshaikh","family":"Elobaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1023-1780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tijjani","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia"},{"name":"Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia"},{"name":"Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dafhalla, A.K.Y., Elobaid, M.E., Ahmed, A.E.T., Filali, A., SidAhmed, N.M.O., Attia, T.A., Mohajir, B.A.I., Altamimi, J.S., and Adam, T. 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