{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T06:15:56Z","timestamp":1773382556724,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gamification has become a motivational technique for enhancing engagement and productivity, extending into agile software development. However, integrating gamification into agile frameworks such as the Scrum framework has led to the emergence of gamification risks, which may have adverse impacts on agile roles and tasks. These risks include an increase in the number of unassigned tasks affecting sprint velocity, novelty-seeking and quick boredom, clustering group, and intimidation, thus showing the need for a structured approach toward their management, their impacts on team dynamics and project outcomes. This study proposes the Agile Gamification Risk Management (AGRM) process, focused on identifying, assessing, and mitigating gamification risks in agile software enterprises. AGRM introduces artifacts such as the Gamification Risk Reporting Form, Personalized Risk Profiles, Task Impact Matrix, and Gamification Risk Register, enabling real-time proactive risk management. By leveraging a gamification risk taxonomy, AGRM categorizes and prioritizes risks, aligning mitigation efforts effectively. This paper details a two-phased empirical study to evaluate our proposed AGRM process. The proposed process identified 17 and mitigated 9 gamification risks for two agile teams in two software development enterprises. Unlike ad hoc practices, AGRM provides a structured approach, empowering teams to manage risks during sprint events. By incorporating artifacts like the Gamification Risk Register (GRR) and Personalized Risk Profiles (PRPs), teams can assess risks in context, enhancing productivity, collaboration, and project outcomes. The results demonstrate AGRM\u2019s ability to boost team morale and confidence in addressing gamification risks effectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers14020076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T12:16:37Z","timestamp":1739880997000},"page":"76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Agile Gamification Risk Management Process: A Comprehensive Process for Identifying and Assessing Gamification Risks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8129-3379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fayrouz M.","family":"Elsalmy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems, The Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria P.O. Box 1029, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Nada H.","family":"Sherief","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Engineering, The Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria P.O. Box 1029, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Walid M.","family":"Abdel Moez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Engineering, The Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria P.O. Box 1029, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Hany H.","family":"Ammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Engineering, Galala University, Suez 43511, Egypt"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., and Nacke, L. (2011, January 28\u201330). From game design elements to gamefulness: Defining \u201cgamification\u201d. Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments, Tampere, Finland.","DOI":"10.1145\/2181037.2181040"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., and Sarsa, H. (2014, January 6\u20139). Does gamification work?\u2014A literature review of empirical studies on gamification. Proceedings of the 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Waikoloa, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2014.377"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Gamification of Banking","volume":"2024","author":"Baker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Univ. Ill. Law Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1108\/TR-04-2023-0234","article-title":"Gamification impact on tourists\u2019 pro-sustainability intentions: Integration of technology acceptance model (TAM) and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB)","volume":"79","author":"Maher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tour. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Qiu, Y. (2024). The Role of Playfulness in Gamification for Health Behavior Motivation. [Ph.D. Thesis, Nanyang Technological University]."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-11548-w","article-title":"Gamification and game based learning for vocational education and training: A systematic literature review","volume":"29","author":"Dahalan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Educ. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Adeborna, E., Nah, F., and Motiwalla, L.F. (2024, January 15\u201317). Gamification in ERP Systems: A Study on Intrinsic Motivation and User Behavioral Intentions. Proceedings of the AMCIS 2024, Salt Lake City, UT, USA."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro, C., Fernandes, I., and Portela, F. (2024). Toward an Enterprise Gamification System to Motivate Human Resources in IT Companies. Information, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/info15010026"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Allied Market Research (2021). Gamification Market Research, 2030, Allied Market Research."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2014.08.007","article-title":"Gamification in software engineering\u2013A systematic mapping","volume":"57","author":"Pedreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhammad, M.M., and Moreno, A.M. What is going on in agile gamification? In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Agile Software Development: Companion, Porto, Portugal, 21\u201325 May 2018.","DOI":"10.1145\/3234152.3234161"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhammad, M.M., and Moreno, A.M. (2022, January 22\u201324). Integrating user experience into agile: An experience report on lean UX and scrum. Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE 44th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering Education and Training, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3510456.3514156"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-020-09816-9","article-title":"A gamification solution for improving Scrum adoption","volume":"25","author":"Marques","year":"2020","journal-title":"Empir. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"226","article-title":"Gamification for agile: A systematic literature review","volume":"16","author":"Marques","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Agil. Syst. Manag."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Priyadi, O., Ramadhan, I., Sensuse, D.I., Suryono, R.R., and Kautsarina (2022, January 30\u201331). Gamification in Software Development: Systematic Literature Review. Proceedings of the International Conference on Networking, Intelligent Systems and Security, Bandung, Indonesia.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-15191-0_37"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Mireles, G.A., and Morales-Trujillo, M.E. (2020). Gamification in software engineering: A tertiary study. Trends and Applications in Software Engineering, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Software Process Improvement (CIMPS 2019), Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33547-2_10"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barreto, C.F., and Fran\u00e7a, C. (2021, January 20\u201321). Gamification in software engineering: A literature review. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE\/ACM 13th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE), Madrid, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/CHASE52884.2021.00020"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Status Hero for Jira (2025, January 20). Atlassian Marketplace. Available online: https:\/\/marketplace.atlassian.com\/."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"(2025, January 20). ScrumKnowsy. Available online: https:\/\/www.scrumknowsy.com\/."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Visual Studio Blog (2025, January 20). Visual Studio Achievements Program Brings Gamification to Development\u2014The Official Microsoft Blog. Available online: https:\/\/blogs.microsoft.com\/blog\/2012\/01\/18\/visual-studio-achievements-program-brings-gamification-to-development\/."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1","article-title":"The scrum guide","volume":"21","author":"Schwaber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scrum Alliance"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Rubin, K.S. (2012). Essential Scrum: A Practical Guide to the Most Popular Agile Process, Addison-Wesley."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Schwaber, K., and Beedle, M. (2001). Agile Software Development with Scrum, Prentice Hall PTR."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Passos, E.B., Medeiros, D.B., Neto, P.A., and Clua, E.W. (2011, January 7\u20139). Turning real-world software development into a game. Proceedings of the 2011 Brazilian Symposium on Games and Digital Entertainment, Salvador, Brazil.","DOI":"10.1109\/SBGAMES.2011.32"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-sen.2018.5149","article-title":"Case study of the introduction of game design techniques in software development","volume":"13","author":"Neto","year":"2019","journal-title":"IET Softw."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-021-10062-w","article-title":"Gamification in software engineering: The mediating role of developer engagement and job satisfaction","volume":"27","author":"Stol","year":"2022","journal-title":"Empir. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1145\/3642964.3642967","article-title":"Prius: Applying gamification to user stories prioritization","volume":"23","author":"Lencastre","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACM SIGAPP Appl. Comput. Rev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Azawi, R., Joe, S.A., Al-Obaidy, M., and Westlake, J. (2019). The use of gamification technique in agile development methodology. Learning Technology for Education Challenges, Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop, LTEC 2019, Zamora, Spain, 15\u201318 July 2019, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-20798-4_1"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sisomboon, W., Phakdee, N., and Denwattana, N. (2019, January 24\u201325). Engaging and motivating developers by adopting scrum utilizing gamification. Proceedings of the 2019 4th International Conference on Information Technology (InCIT), Bangkok, Thailand.","DOI":"10.1109\/INCIT.2019.8911976"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.18280\/isi.280418","article-title":"Exploring the Catalysts and Components of Gamification in Enterprise: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"28","author":"AlTuraif","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ing\u00e9nierie Des Syst\u00e8mes D\u2019information"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.110870","article-title":"Initiatives and challenges of using gamification in software engineering: A Systematic Mapping","volume":"173","author":"Ferrari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2022.3197245","article-title":"Unlock the business value of gamification","volume":"39","author":"Ebert","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Softw."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2018.10.013","article-title":"The rise of motivational information systems: A review of gamification research","volume":"45","author":"Koivisto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Algashami, A., Vuillier, L., Alrobai, A., Phalp, K., and Ali, R. (2019). Gamification risks to enterprise teamwork: Taxonomy, management strategies and modalities of application. Systems, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/systems7010009"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toda, A.M., Valle, P.H., and Isotani, S. (2017). The dark side of gamification: An overview of negative effects of gamification in education. Higher Education for All. From Challenges to Novel Technology-Enhanced Solutions, Springer. Researcher Links Workshop: Higher Education for All.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-97934-2_9"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elsalmy, F., and Sherief, N.H. (2023, January 1\u201310). Inclusive Gamification: An Exploratory Study in Software Development Enterprises (SCE). Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, San Francisco, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.18293\/SEKE2023-096"},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Elsalmy, F.M., Sherief, N.H., Abdelmoez, W.R., and Ammar, H. (2024, January 2\u20134). Exploring Gamification Risks and Implications in Agile Software Development Enterprises: An Empirical Study. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Software and Information Engineering (ICSIE), Derby, UK."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dah, J., Hussin, N., Zaini, M.K., Isaac Helda, L., Senanu Ametefe, D., and Adozuka Aliu, A. (2024). Gamification is not Working: Why?. Games Cult., 15554120241228125.","DOI":"10.1177\/15554120241228125"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Codish, D., and Ravid, G. (2014, January 9\u201311). Personality based gamification: How different personalities perceive gamification. Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 2014 European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), Tel Aviv, Israel."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/10580530.2021.1975852","article-title":"Toward a design theory of user-centered score mechanics for gamified competency development","volume":"40","author":"Boeckle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Manag."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia, F.V., Hauck, J.C., and Hahn, F.N.R. (2022, January 1\u201310). Managing Risks in Agile Methods: A Systematic Literature Mapping. Proceedings of the SEKE, Virtual.","DOI":"10.18293\/SEKE2022-123"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csi.2020.103431","article-title":"Risk management in the software life cycle: A systematic literature review","volume":"71","author":"Masso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Stand. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moran, A., and Moran, A. (2014). Agile Risk Management, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-05008-9"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1111\/itor.12401","article-title":"Risk management analysis in Scrum software projects","volume":"26","author":"Tavares","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Trans. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"1123","article-title":"Risk mitigation techniques in agile development processes","volume":"8","author":"Rafeek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Supply Chain. Manag."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"20","article-title":"Implementation of risk management with SCRUM to achieve CMMI requirements","volume":"6","author":"Alharbi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Netw. Inf. Secur."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.32604\/csse.2018.33.169","article-title":"A risk poker based testing model for scrum","volume":"33","author":"Ghazali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Syst. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1145\/503271.503247","article-title":"An industrial case study of implementing software risk management","volume":"26","author":"Freimut","year":"2001","journal-title":"ACM SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sousa Neto, A., Ramos, F., Albuquerque, D., Dantas, E., Perkusich, M., Almeida, H., and Perkusich, A. (2023, January 27\u201331). Towards a recommender system-based process for managing risks in scrum projects. Proceedings of the 38th ACM\/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing, Tallin, Estonia.","DOI":"10.1145\/3555776.3577748"},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Werbach, K., and Hunter, D. (2012). For the Win, Wharton Digital Press."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kifetew, F., Munante, D., Perini, A., Susi, A., Siena, A., and Busetta, P. (2017, January 4\u20138). DMGame: A gamified collaborative requirements prioritisation tool. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 25th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE), Lisbon, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1109\/RE.2017.46"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2231","DOI":"10.1002\/smr.2231","article-title":"Challenges of gamification in software process improvement","volume":"32","author":"Alhammad","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Softw. Evol. Process"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.06.021","article-title":"A framework for gamification in software engineering","volume":"132","author":"Garcia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fr\u0105cz, W., and Dajda, J. (2018, January 23\u201329). Developers\u2019 Game: A Preliminary Study Concerning a Tool for Automated Developers Assessment. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME), Madrid, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME.2018.00079"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-sen.2018.5088","article-title":"Applying gamification elements to build teams for software development","volume":"13","author":"Mejia","year":"2019","journal-title":"IET Softw."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Jesus, G.M., Ferrari, F.C., de Paula Porto, D., and Fabbri, S.C.P.F. (2018, January 17\u201321). Gamification in software testing: A characterization study. Proceedings of the III Brazilian Symposium on Systematic and Automated Software Testing, Sao Carlos, Brazil.","DOI":"10.1145\/3266003.3266007"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00e4ntyl\u00e4, M.V., and Smolander, K. (2016). Gamification of software testing-an mlr. Product-Focused Software Process Improvement, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference, PROFES 2016, Trondheim, Norway, 22\u201324 November 2016, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-49094-6_46"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machuca-Villegas, L., and Gasca-Hurtado, G.P. (2019). Gamification for improving software project management processes: A systematic literature review. Trends and Applications in Software Engineering, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Software Process Improvement (CIMPS 2018), Guadalajara, Mexico, 17\u201319 October 2018, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01171-0_4"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warsinsky, S., Schmidt-Kraepelin, M., Thiebes, S., and Sunyaev, A. (2021, January 5\u20138). Are gamification projects different? An exploratory study on software project risks for gamified health behavior change support systems. Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Kauai, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2021.159"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2018.03.065","article-title":"Gamification in software engineering education: A systematic mapping","volume":"141","author":"Alhammad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cursino, R., Ferreira, D., Lencastre, M., Fagundes, R., and Pimentel, J. (2018, January 4\u20137). Gamification in requirements engineering: A systematic review. Proceedings of the 2018 11th International Conference on the Quality of Information and Communications Technology (QUATIC), Coimbra, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1109\/QUATIC.2018.00025"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eggert, M., and Kriska, M. (2022, January 4\u20137). Gamification for software development processes\u2013relevant affordances and design principles. Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Maui, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2022.200"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"1509","article-title":"Towards a Gamification Framework for Software Process Improvement Initiatives: Construction and Validation","volume":"22","author":"Herranz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Univers. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Unkelos-Shpigel, N. (2018, January 19\u201322). Towards a Systematic Approach for Designing Gamification for RE. Proceedings of the REFSQ Workshops, Utrecht, The Netherlands."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lira, L., Lencastre, M., Pimentel, J.H., de Castro, J.B., and Bandeira, M. (2023, January 15\u201317). Visual-PR: Uma abordagem visual e gamificada para o apoio \u00e0 Prioriza\u00e7\u00e3o de Requisitos. Proceedings of the 26th Workshop on Requirements Engineering (WER23), Porto Alegre, Brazil.","DOI":"10.29327\/1298356.26-5"},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Kolpondinos, M.Z.H., and Glinz, M. (2017, January 4\u20138). Behind points and levels\u2014The influence of gamification algorithms on requirements prioritization. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 25th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE), Lisbon, Portugal."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Stavrou, E. (2016). Requirements Prioritization in Agile Environments: A Model for Effective Prioritization. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Universiteit Leiden\/ICT in Business]."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Beck, K., Beedle, M., Van Bennekum, A., Cockburn, A., Cunningham, W., Fowler, M., Grenning, J., Highsmith, J., Hunt, A., and Jeffries, R. Manifesto for agile software development. 2001."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Beck, K. (2000). Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change, Addison-Wesley."},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"Highsmith, J. (2009). Agile Project Management: Creating Innovative Products, Pearson Education."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Leffingwell, D. (2007). Scaling Software Agility: Best Practices for Large Enterprises, Pearson Education."},{"key":"ref_72","unstructured":"Cho, J.J. (2010). An Exploratory Study on Issues and Challenges of Agile Software Development with Scrum. [Ph.D. Thesis, Utah State University]."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Kerzner, H. (2009). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"Monteiro, R.H.B., de Almeida Souza, M.R., Oliveira, S.R.B., dos Santos Portela, C., and de Cristo Lobato, C.E. (2021, January 25\u201328). The diversity of gamification evaluation in the software engineering education and industry: Trends, comparisons and gaps. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE\/ACM 43rd International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering Education and Training (ICSE-SEET), Virtual."},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"John, O.P., and Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big-Five Trait Taxonomy: History, Measurement, and Theoretical Perspectives, Guilford Press."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mar\u00edn, B. (2022). Lessons learned about gamification in software engineering education. Research Anthology on Developments in Gamification and Game-Based Learning, IGI Global.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-6684-3710-0.ch071"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maxim, B.R., Kaur, R., Apzynski, C., Edwards, D., and Evans, E. (2016, January 12\u201315). An agile software engineering process improvement game. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), Erie, PA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/FIE.2016.7757682"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calder\u00f3n, A., Ruiz, M., and O\u2019Connor, R.V. (2017). Coverage of the ISO 21500 standard in the context of software project management by a simulation-based serious game. Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference, SPICE 2017, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, 4\u20135 October 2017, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67383-7_29"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gros, L., and Van De Leemput, C. (2021). Threats arising from software gamification. The Role of Gamification in Software Development Lifecycle, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.95963"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mavroeidi, A.-G., Kitsiou, A., Kalloniatis, C., and Gritzalis, S. (2019). Gamification vs. privacy: Identifying and analysing the major concerns. Future Internet, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/fi11030067"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahri, A., Hosseini, M., Phalp, K., Taylor, J., and Ali, R. (2014). Towards a code of ethics for gamification at enterprise. Practice of Enterprise Modeling, Proceedings of the 7th IFIP WG 8.1 Working Conference, PoEM 2014, Manchester, UK, 12\u201313 November 2014, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45501-2_17"},{"key":"ref_82","unstructured":"Schmidt-Kraepelin, M., Lins, S., Thiebes, S., and Sunyaev, A. (2019). Gamification of Enterprise Systems: A Synthesis of Mechanics, Dynamics, and Risks. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akarsu, Z., Orgun, P., Dinc, H., Gunyel, B., and Yilmaz, M. (2019). Assessing personality traits in a large scale software development company: Exploratory industrial case study. Systems, Software and Services Process Improvement, Proceedings of the 26th European Conference, EuroSPI 2019, Edinburgh, UK, 18\u201320 September 2019, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-28005-5_15"},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"16","article-title":"Adaptive gamification for learning environments","volume":"12","author":"Monterrat","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, L., Oliveira, W., Toda, A., Palomino, P., and Isotani, S. (2019, January 19\u201322). Thinking inside the box: How to tailor gamified educational systems based on learning activities types. Proceedings of the Brazilian Symposium on Computers in Education (Simp\u00f3sio Brasileiro de Inform\u00e1tica na Educa\u00e7\u00e3o-SBIE), Natal, Brazil.","DOI":"10.5753\/cbie.sbie.2019.823"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2020.102495","article-title":"Tailored gamification: A review of literature","volume":"144","author":"Klock","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hallifax, S., Serna, A., Marty, J.-C., Lavou\u00e9, G., and Lavou\u00e9, E. (2019, January 22\u201325). Factors to consider for tailored gamification. Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, Barcelona, Spain.","DOI":"10.1145\/3311350.3347167"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nystr\u00f6m, T. (2021). Exploring the darkness of gamification: You want it darker?. Intelligent Computing, Proceedings of the 2021 Computing Conference, Virtual Event, 15\u201316 July 2021, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-80129-8_35"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3582273","article-title":"A review on tools, mechanics, benefits, and challenges of gamified software testing","volume":"55","author":"Fulcini","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.17083\/ijsg.v10i3.594","article-title":"Evaluation of an industrial case of gamification in software quality improvement","volume":"10","author":"Say","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Serious Games"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalpiaz, F., Snijders, R., Brinkkemper, S., Hosseini, M., Shahri, A., and Ali, R. (2017). Engaging the crowd of stakeholders in requirements engineering via gamification. Gamification: Using Game Elements in Serious Contexts, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45557-0_9"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570710723859","article-title":"Managing risk in software development projects: A case study","volume":"107","author":"Dey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ind. Manag. Data Syst."},{"key":"ref_93","first-page":"52","article-title":"Current research in risk-aware business process management\u2014Overview, comparison, and gap analysis","volume":"34","author":"Suriadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barata, J., da Cunha, P.R., and Abrantes, L. (2015). Dealing with risks and workarounds: A guiding framework. Practice of Enterprise Modeling, Proceedings of the 8th IFIP WG 8.1. Working Conference, PoEM 2015, Valencia, Spain, 10\u201312 November 2015, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25897-3_10"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1145\/975817.975819","article-title":"Software project risks and their effect on outcomes","volume":"47","author":"Wallace","year":"2004","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"ref_96","unstructured":"Kotonya, G., and Sommerville, I. (1998). Requirements Engineering: Processes and Techniques, Wiley Publishing."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1109\/52.62930","article-title":"Software risk management: Principles and practices","volume":"8","author":"Boehm","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Softw."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1109\/32.841112","article-title":"Components of software development risk: How to address them? A project manager survey","volume":"26","author":"Ropponen","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1993.11518006","article-title":"Toward an assessment of software development risk","volume":"10","author":"Barki","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Manag. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_100","unstructured":"Coyle, S., and Conboy, K. (2009, January 8\u201310). A case study of risk management in agile systems development. Proceedings of the 17th ECIS, Verona, Italy."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hauck, J.C.R., and Vieira, M. (2021, January 1\u20133). Towards a guide for risk management integration in agile software projects. Proceedings of the European Conference on Software Process Improvement, Krems, Austria.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85521-5_6"},{"key":"ref_102","unstructured":"Creswell, J.W., and Creswell, J.D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, Sage Publications."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_104","unstructured":"Smyth, J., and Terry, C. (2007). Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics, SAGE Publications, Inc."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1108\/14608791111199778","article-title":"The development of the outcomes star: A participatory approach to assessment and outcome measurement","volume":"14","author":"MacKeith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hous. Care Support"},{"key":"ref_106","unstructured":"Holland, J., Thomson, R., and Henderson, S. (2006). Qualitative Longitudinal Research: A Discussion Paper, London South Bank University."},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"1","article-title":"A building-block approach for implementing COSO\u2019s enterprise risk management-integrated framework","volume":"6","author":"Ballou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Manag. Account. Q."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singer, L., and Schneider, K. (2012, January 9). It was a bit of a race: Gamification of version control. Proceedings of the 2012 Second International Workshop on Games and Software Engineering: Realizing User Engagement with Game Engineering Techniques (GAS), Zurich, Switzerland.","DOI":"10.1109\/GAS.2012.6225927"},{"key":"ref_109","unstructured":"Joiner Associates (1995). Cause and Effect Diagrams: Plain and Simple, Oriel Incorporated."},{"key":"ref_110","unstructured":"Leffingwell, D. (2010). Agile Software Requirements: Lean Requirements Practices for Teams, Programs, and the Enterprise, Addison-Wesley Professional."},{"key":"ref_111","unstructured":"Schein, E.H. (2010). Organizational Culture and Leadership, John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"ref_112","unstructured":"Amabile, T. (2011). Componential Theory of Creativity, Harvard Business School."}],"container-title":["Computers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-431X\/14\/2\/76\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:37:15Z","timestamp":1760027835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-431X\/14\/2\/76"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["computers14020076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/computers14020076","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-431X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-431X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]}}}