{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T22:35:17Z","timestamp":1774478117734,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Blockchain technology, originally introduced through Bitcoin cryptocurrency in 2008, has rapidly expanded beyond its financial roots, offering innovative solutions for secure data management across various sectors, including education. Higher education institutions, faced with challenges in managing academic records, verifying degrees, assessing skills, and safeguarding personal data, have increasingly looked to blockchain for answers. Blockchain\u2019s transparent, immutable, and decentralized nature provides potential solutions to these longstanding problems. This systematic review assesses blockchain-based proposals for academic certificates management, aiming to highlight globally recognized best practices, explore the latest applications, and identify key challenges hindering the widespread adoption of blockchain technology in education. A thorough discussion based on the findings introduces potential solutions to mitigate these challenges and provides insights into possible future research directions that could help overcome these obstacles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers14040141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T11:05:02Z","timestamp":1744110302000},"page":"141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A Systematic Review of Blockchain-Based Initiatives in Comparison to Best Practices Used in Higher Education Institutions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Diana Laura","family":"Silaghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computers and Information Technology, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 2 V. Parvan Blvd, 300223 Timisoara, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7804-5178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Elena","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computers and Information Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"868","article-title":"Diploma supplement\u2014instrument of the quality assurance process in the Romanian higher education?","volume":"2012","author":"Cocosatu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Integr. Realities Perspect."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, D.H., Nguyen-Duc, D.N., Huynh-Tuong, N., and Pham, H.A. (2018, January 6\u20137). CVSS: A blockchainized certificate verifying support system. 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