{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:21:43Z","timestamp":1760059303166,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of computer-aided engineering (CAE) tools has become essential in modern design processes, significantly streamlining mechanical design tasks. The integration of optimization algorithms further enhances these processes by facilitating studies on mechanical behavior and accelerating iterative operations. A key focus lies in understanding and mitigating the detrimental effects of cavitation on injector surfaces, as it can reduce the injector lifespan and induce material degradation. By combining advanced numerical finite element tools with algorithmic optimization, these adverse effects can be effectively mitigated. The incorporation of computational tools enables efficient numerical analyses and rapid, automated modifications of injector designs, significantly enhancing the ability to explore and refine geometries. The primary goal remains the minimization of cavitation phenomena and the improvement in injector performance, while the collaborative use of specialized software environments ensures a more robust and streamlined design process. Specifically, using the simulated annealing algorithm (SA) helps identify the optimal configuration that minimizes cavitation-induced effects. The proposed approach provides a robust set of tools for engineers and researchers to enhance injector performance and effectively address cavitation-related challenges. The results derived from this integrated framework illustrate the effectiveness of the optimization methodology in facilitating the development of more efficient and reliable injector systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers14060215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T05:09:12Z","timestamp":1748840952000},"page":"215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing Injector Performance Through CFD Optimization: Focus on Cavitation Reduction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7044-9282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Villagomez-Moreno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Faculty, Campus San Juan del Rio, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. Rio Moctezuma 249, San Juan del Rio 76807, Mexico"}]},{"given":"Aurelio","family":"Dominguez-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Faculty, Campus San Juan del Rio, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. Rio Moctezuma 249, San Juan del Rio 76807, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1332-5173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Gustavo","family":"Manriquez-Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Faculty, Campus San Juan del Rio, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. Rio Moctezuma 249, San Juan del Rio 76807, Mexico"},{"name":"C.A. Mechanical and Automotive Systems Applied to the Management of Conventional and Alternative Energies (UAQ-CA-155), Autonomous University of Queretaro, San Juan del Rio 76806, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9026-6694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Jose","family":"Saucedo-Dorantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Faculty, Campus San Juan del Rio, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. Rio Moctezuma 249, San Juan del Rio 76807, Mexico"},{"name":"C.A. Mechanical and Automotive Systems Applied to the Management of Conventional and Alternative Energies (UAQ-CA-155), Autonomous University of Queretaro, San Juan del Rio 76806, Mexico"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Perez-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Faculty, Campus San Juan del Rio, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. Rio Moctezuma 249, San Juan del Rio 76807, Mexico"},{"name":"C.A. Mechanical and Automotive Systems Applied to the Management of Conventional and Alternative Energies (UAQ-CA-155), Autonomous University of Queretaro, San Juan del Rio 76806, Mexico"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1648(82)90071-0","article-title":"Cavitation erosion of cast iron diesel engine liners","volume":"76","author":"Hammitt","year":"1982","journal-title":"Wear"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Brunhart, M., Soteriou, C., Daveau, C., Gavaises, E., Koukouvinis, P., and Winterbourn, M. (2019, January 4\u20135). Investigation on the removal of the cavitation erosion risk in a control orifice inside a prototype diesel injector. 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