{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:35:32Z","timestamp":1760060132348,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have emerged as powerful optimization tools for addressing the complex, often conflicting goals present in modern waste disposal systems. This review explores recent advances and practical applications of MOEAs in key areas, including waste collection routing, waste-to-energy (WTE) systems, and facility location and allocation. Real-world case studies from cities like Braga, Lisbon, Uppsala, and Cyprus demonstrate how MOEAs can enhance operational efficiency, boost energy recovery, and reduce environmental impacts. While these algorithms offer significant advantages, challenges remain in computational complexity, adapting to dynamic environments, and integrating with emerging technologies. Future research directions highlight the potential of combining MOEAs with machine learning and real-time data to create more flexible and responsive waste management strategies. By leveraging these advancements, MOEAs can play a pivotal role in developing sustainable, efficient, and adaptive waste disposal systems capable of meeting the growing demands of urbanization and stricter environmental regulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers14080316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T13:11:11Z","timestamp":1754313071000},"page":"316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms in Waste Disposal Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Case Studies, and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0913-8631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad Talal","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Taibah University, Madina 42353, Saudi Arabia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2023.103775","article-title":"Dynamic Optimization of a Wastewater Treatment Process for Sustainable Operation Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm and Non-Dominated Sorting Cuckoo Search Algorithm","volume":"53","author":"Aparna","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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