{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:43:20Z","timestamp":1768524200881,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anti-tank landmines endanger post-conflict recovery. Detecting camouflaged TM-62 landmines in low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery is challenging because targets occupy few pixels and are low-contrast and often occluded. We introduce a single-class anti-tank dataset and a YOLOv5 pipeline augmented with a SAHI-based small-object stage and Weighted Boxes Fusion. The evaluation combines COCO metrics with an operational operating point (score = 0.25; IoU = 0.50) and stratifies by object size and occlusion. On a held-out test partition representative of UAV acquisition, the baseline YOLOv5 attains mAP@0.50:0.95 = 0.553 and AP@0.50 = 0.851. With tuned SAHI (768 px tiles, 40% overlap) plus fusion, performance rises to mAP@0.50:0.95 = 0.685 and AP@0.50 = 0.935\u2014\u0394mAP = +0.132 (+23.9% rel.) and \u0394AP@0.50 = +0.084 (+9.9% rel.). At the operating point, precision = 0.94 and recall = 0.89 (F1 = 0.914), implying a 58.4% reduction in missed detections versus a non-optimized SAHI baseline and a +14.3 AP@0.50 gain on the small\/occluded subset. Ablations attribute gains to tile size, overlap, and fusion, which boost recall on low-pixel, occluded landmines without inflating false positives. The pipeline sustains real-time UAV throughput and supports actionable triage for humanitarian demining, as well as motivating RGB\u2013thermal fusion and cross-season\/-domain adaptation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers14100448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:53:19Z","timestamp":1761058399000},"page":"448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["SAHI-Tuned YOLOv5 for UAV Detection of TM-62 Anti-Tank Landmines: Small-Object, Occlusion-Robust, Real-Time Pipeline"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7438-7452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dejan","family":"Dodi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Technologies, The Academy of Applied Technical and Preschool Studies, 18000 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}]},{"given":"Vuk","family":"Vujovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Information Technologies, Faculty of Business and Law, MB University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}]},{"given":"Sr\u0111an","family":"Jovkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Technologies, The Academy of Applied Technical and Preschool Studies, 18000 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Milutinovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Technologies, The Academy of Applied Technical and Preschool Studies, 18000 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}]},{"given":"Mitko","family":"Trpkoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies, University St. Kliment Ohridski, 7000 Bitola, North Macedonia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"International Campaign to Ban Landmines (2024). 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