{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T21:13:11Z","timestamp":1783026791807,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents the design and implementation of a vision-based score detection system tailored for smart IoT basketball applications. The proposed architecture leverages a compact, low-cost device comprising a high-resolution overhead camera and a Raspberry Pi 5 microprocessor equipped with a hardware accelerator for real-time object detection. The detection pipeline integrates convolutional neural networks (YOLO-based) and custom preprocessing techniques to localize the basketball hoop and track the ball trajectory. A scoring event is confirmed when the ball enters the defined scoring zone with downward motion over multiple frames, effectively reducing false positives caused by occlusions, multiple balls, or irregular shot directions. The system is part of a scalable IoT analytics platform known as Ko\u0161ko, which provides real-time statistics, leaderboards, and user engagement tools through a web-based interface. Field tests were conducted using data collected from various public and school courts across Ni\u0161, Serbia, resulting in a robust and adaptable solution for automated basketball score monitoring in both indoor and outdoor environments. The methodology supports edge computing, multilingual deployment, and integration with smart coaching and analytics systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers14110469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T17:32:01Z","timestamp":1762191121000},"page":"469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Computer Vision-Driven Framework for IoT-Enabled Basketball Score Tracking"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0430-8937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"\u0106iri\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ni\u0161, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18000 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4367-119X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikola","family":"Iva\u010dko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ni\u0161, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18000 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7037-7709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miljana","family":"Mili\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Ni\u0161, Aleksandra Medvedeva, 18000 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petar","family":"Risti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Ni\u0161, Aleksandra Medvedeva, 18000 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Du\u0161an","family":"Krsti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nais Robotics, Science and Technology Park Ni\u0161, Aleksandra Medvedeva 2a, 18104 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e32477","article-title":"Utilizing AI and IoT Technologies for Identifying Risk Factors in Sports","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chase, C. 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