{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T14:24:25Z","timestamp":1781533465946,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["European Commission (No. 101183162, ANTIDOTE project)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["European Commission (No. 101183162, ANTIDOTE project)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["European Commission (No. 101183162, ANTIDOTE project)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["European Commission (No. 101183162, ANTIDOTE project)"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00k4n6c32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Large-scale smart city Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures must simultaneously provide strong cybersecurity protection, real-time anomaly detection, and energy-efficient operation despite the strict resource limitations of sensing devices. The current body of research typically addresses secure data management, edge intelligence, or energy optimization in isolation, leaving a practical gap in unified frameworks that jointly optimize these objectives. This paper proposes a jointly co-designed energy-aware cybersecurity framework that integrates lightweight secure sensing, hybrid edge-based anomaly detection, Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT)-enabled blockchain integrity, and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO)-driven edge deployment within a single end-to-end architecture. The practical contribution of the proposed framework lies in enabling tamper-evident trusted sensing, real-time detection of both data and energy anomalies, and communication-efficient operation suitable for scalable smart city deployments. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves strong operational efficiency, reaching up to 234.6 transactions per second while maintaining end-to-end latency of approximately 140\u2013194 ms and reducing total energy consumption to about 1.68 J under high-load conditions. In addition, the hybrid anomaly detection mechanism achieves an F1-score of 0.985 and ROC-AUC of 0.992, confirming strong detection capability under realistic sensing and attack scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers15040247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T14:05:36Z","timestamp":1776348336000},"page":"247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Energy-Aware Security Framework for the Internet of Things Integrating Blockchain and Edge Intelligence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7208-3576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Salar","family":"Sefati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecommunications Department, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34460 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0060-3306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Razvan","family":"Craciunescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecommunications Department, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, Sector 5, 030167 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahman","family":"Arasteh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34460 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Khazar University, Baku AZ1096, Azerbaijan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2025.12.027","article-title":"The Role of IoT and Big Data in Smart City Transport Management: Lessons Learned from Case Studies in Slovakia and the EU","volume":"93","author":"Koman","year":"2026","journal-title":"Transp. 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