{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T06:34:51Z","timestamp":1774161291831,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we investigate how Cognitive Radio as a means of communication can be utilized to serve a smart grid deployment end to end, from a home area network to power generation. We show how Cognitive Radio can be mapped to integrate the possible different communication networks within a smart grid large scale deployment. In addition, various applications in smart grid are defined and discussed showing how Cognitive Radio can be used to fulfill their communication requirements. Moreover, information security issues pertained to the use of Cognitive Radio in a smart grid environment at different levels and layers are discussed and mitigation techniques are suggested. Finally, the well-known Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is integrated with the Cognitive Radio part of a smart grid communication network to protect against unauthorized access to customer\u2019s data and to the network at large.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers5020007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T10:25:55Z","timestamp":1461839155000},"page":"7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cognitive Radio for Smart Grid with Security Considerations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Khaled","family":"Shuaib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, UAE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ezedin","family":"Barka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, UAE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nedaa","family":"Al Hussien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, UAE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0729-094X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Abdel-Hafez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, UAE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Alahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE 68182, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2011.6033030","article-title":"Cognitive radio based hierarchical communications infrastructure for smart grid","volume":"25","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 1.0, Available online: http:\/\/www.nist.gov\/public_affairs\/releases\/upload\/smartgrid_interoperability_final.pdf."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Report of the Unlicensed Devices and Experimental Licenses Working Group Federal Communications Commission Spectrum Policy Task Force November 15, 2002, Available online: https:\/\/transition.fcc.gov\/sptf\/files\/E&UWGFinalReport.pdf."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"General Survey of Radio Frequency Bands\u201430 MHz to 3 GHz. 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