{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:15:04Z","timestamp":1777634104908,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Minister of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE)","award":["FRGS\/1\/2017\/TK04\/FKE-CeRIA\/F00334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2017\/TK04\/FKE-CeRIA\/F00334"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Features extracted from the electromyography (EMG) signal normally consist of irrelevant and redundant features. Conventionally, feature selection is an effective way to evaluate the most informative features, which contributes to performance enhancement and feature reduction. Therefore, this article proposes a new competitive binary grey wolf optimizer (CBGWO) to solve the feature selection problem in EMG signals classification. Initially, short-time Fourier transform (STFT) transforms the EMG signal into time-frequency representation. Ten time-frequency features are extracted from the STFT coefficient. Then, the proposed method is used to evaluate the optimal feature subset from the original feature set. To evaluate the effectiveness of proposed method, CBGWO is compared with binary grey wolf optimization (BGWO1 and BGWO2), binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO), and genetic algorithm (GA). The experimental results show the superiority of CBGWO not only in classification performance, but also feature reduction. In addition, CBGWO has a very low computational cost, which is more suitable for real world application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers7040058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T10:43:45Z","timestamp":1541414625000},"page":"58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":123,"title":["A New Competitive Binary Grey Wolf Optimizer to Solve the Feature Selection Problem in EMG Signals Classification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6908-1038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingwei","family":"Too","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya 76100, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul Rahim","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya 76100, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norhashimah","family":"Mohd Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Kejuruteraan Komputer, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya 76100, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nursabillilah","family":"Mohd Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya 76100, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3748-9965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weihown","family":"Tee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya 76100, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2014.04.003","article-title":"EMG feature assessment for myoelectric pattern recognition and channel selection: A study with incomplete spinal cord injury","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. 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