{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:48:26Z","timestamp":1760240906924,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Providing a seamless handover in the Internet of Thing (IoT) applications with minimal efforts is a big challenge in mobility management protocols. Several research efforts have been attempted to maintain the connectivity of nodes while performing mobility-related signalling, in order to enhance the system performance. However, these studies still fall short at the presence of short-term continuous movements of mobile nodes within the same network, which is a requirement in several applications. In this paper, we propose an efficient group-based handoff scheme for the Mobile Nodes (MNs) in order to reduce the nodes handover during their roaming. This scheme is named Enhanced Cluster Sensor Proxy Mobile IPv6 (E-CSPMIPv6). E-CSPMIPv6 introduces a fast handover scheme by implementing two mechanisms. In the first mechanism, we cluster mobile nodes that are moving as a group in order to register them at a prior time of their actual handoff. In the second mechanism, we manipulate the mobility-related signalling of the MNs triggering their handover signalling simultaneously. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is validated through extensive simulation experiments and numerical analyses in comparison to the state-of-the-art mobility management protocols under different scenarios and operation conditions. The results demonstrate that the E-CSPMIPv6 scheme significantly improves the overall system performance, by reducing handover delay, signalling cost and end-to-end delay.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers8040075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T10:54:58Z","timestamp":1570186498000},"page":"75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An Efficient Group-Based Control Signalling within Proxy Mobile IPv6 Protocol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5250-0299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safwan M.","family":"Ghaleb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Technology and Network, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shamala","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Technology and Network, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia"},{"name":"Sports Academy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6461-1818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mukhtar","family":"Ghaleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Arts and Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 67714, Al-Namas, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Faculty of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, Sana\u2019a University, Sana\u2019a 15542, Yemen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Mohamed E. Ejmaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli 30313, Libya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Johnson, D. (2019, July 30). IP Mobility Support for IPv6; RFC 3775. Available online: https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc3775."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Koodli, R. (2019, July 30). Mobile IPv6 Fast Handovers; IETF, RFC 5568. Available online: https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc5268."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Soliman, H., Bellier, L., and Malki, K.E. (2019, July 30). Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Mobility Management (HMIPv6); IETF, RFC 4140. Available online: https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc5380."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Petrescu, A., Wakikawa, R., Thubert, P., and Devarapalli, V. (2019, July 30). Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support Protocol; IETF RFC. 4063. 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