{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T16:45:13Z","timestamp":1761324313772,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aerospace and defense industry is facing an end-of-life production issue with legacy embedded uniprocessor systems. Most, if not all, embedded processor manufacturers have already moved towards system-on-a-chip multicore architectures. Current scheduling arrangements do not consider schedules related to safety and security. The methods are also inefficient because they arbitrarily assign larger-than-necessary windows of execution. This research creates a hierarchical scheduling framework as a model for real-time multicore systems to integrate the scheduling for safe and secure systems. This provides a more efficient approach which automates the migration of embedded systems\u2019 real-time software tasks to multicore architectures. A novel genetic algorithm with a unique objective function and encoding scheme was created and compared to classical bin-packing algorithms. The simulation results show the genetic algorithm had 1.8\u20132.5 times less error (a 56\u201371% difference), outperforming its counterparts in uniformity in utilization. This research provides an efficient, automated method for commercial, private and defense industries to use a genetic algorithm to create a feasible two-level hierarchical schedule for real-time embedded multicore systems that address safety and security constraints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers9030071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T08:40:26Z","timestamp":1599122426000},"page":"71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An Evolutionary Approach for the Hierarchical Scheduling of Safety- and Security-Critical Multicore Architectures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Brandon","family":"Woolley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Space and Airborne Systems Raytheon Company 2501 W. University, McKinney, TX 75071, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0722-1941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Mengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Texas Tech University 7th and Boston Lubbock, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atila","family":"Ertas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas Tech University 7th and Boston Lubbock, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3131347","article-title":"A Survey of Research into Mixed Criticality Systems","volume":"50","author":"Burns","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACM Comput. 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