{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:15:28Z","timestamp":1777598128523,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]],"date-time":"2019-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cryptography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Blockchain technology has gained considerable attention, with an escalating interest in a plethora of numerous applications, ranging from data management, financial services, cyber security, IoT, and food science to healthcare industry and brain research. There has been a remarkable interest witnessed in utilizing applications of blockchain for the delivery of safe and secure healthcare data management. Also, blockchain is reforming the traditional healthcare practices to a more reliable means, in terms of effective diagnosis and treatment through safe and secure data sharing. In the future, blockchain could be a technology that may potentially help in personalized, authentic, and secure healthcare by merging the entire real-time clinical data of a patient\u2019s health and presenting it in an up-to-date secure healthcare setup. In this paper, we review both the existing and latest developments in the field of healthcare by implementing blockchain as a model. We also discuss the applications of blockchain, along with the challenges faced and future perspectives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cryptography3010003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]],"date-time":"2019-01-03T03:36:30Z","timestamp":1546486590000},"page":"3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":433,"title":["Applications of Blockchain Technology in Medicine and Healthcare: Challenges and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1274-9206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asad Ali","family":"Siyal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9815-2704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aisha Zahid","family":"Junejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Systems Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4994-3443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Zawish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Systems Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Kainat","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin A94 RK10, Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5463-1877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiman","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Systems Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4961-5201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia","family":"Soursou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 71202 Heraklion, Greece"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griebel, L., Prokosch, H.U., K\u00f6pcke, F., Toddenroth, D., Christoph, J., Leb, I., Engel, I., and Sedlmayr, M. 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