{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T02:36:06Z","timestamp":1782873366114,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cryptography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Video protection and access control have gathered steam over recent years. However, the most common methods encrypt the whole video bit stream as unique data without taking into account the structure of the compressed video. These full encryption solutions are time and power consuming and, thus, are not aligned with the real-time applications. In this paper, we propose a Selective Encryption (SE) solution for Region of Interest (ROI) security based on the tile concept in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standards and selective encryption of all sensitive parts in videos. The SE solution depends on a chaos-based stream cipher that encrypts a set of HEVC syntax elements normatively, that is, the bit stream can be decoded with a standard HEVC decoder, and a secret key is only required for ROI decryption. The proposed ROI encryption solution relies on the independent tile concept in HEVC that splits the video frame into independent rectangular areas. Tiles are used to pull out the ROI from the background and only the tiles figuring the ROI are encrypted. In inter coding, the independence of tiles is guaranteed by limiting the motion vectors of non-ROI to use only the unencrypted tiles in the reference frames. Experimental results have shown that the encryption solution performs secure video encryption in a real time context, with a diminutive bit rate and complexity overheads.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cryptography4020018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T08:54:50Z","timestamp":1592988890000},"page":"18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Privacy Protection in Real Time HEVC Standard Using Chaotic System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2480-0913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Abu Taha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Technology and Computer Engineering, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron PO BOX: 198, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wassim","family":"Hamidouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es de Rennes (INSA Rennes), 35708 Rennes CEDEX 7, France"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019\u00c9lectronique et de T\u00e9l\u00e9communication de Rennes (IETR), 35700 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naty","family":"Sidaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es de Rennes (INSA Rennes), 35708 Rennes CEDEX 7, France"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019\u00c9lectronique et de T\u00e9l\u00e9communication de Rennes (IETR), 35700 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Viitanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University of Technology, 33720 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarno","family":"Vanne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University of Technology, 33720 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safwan","family":"El Assad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019\u00c9lectronique et de T\u00e9l\u00e9communication de Rennes (IETR), 35700 Rennes, France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement \u00c9lectronique et Technologies Num\u00e9riques, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, 44300 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Deforges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es de Rennes (INSA Rennes), 35708 Rennes CEDEX 7, France"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019\u00c9lectronique et de T\u00e9l\u00e9communication de Rennes (IETR), 35700 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2012.2221191","article-title":"Overview of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Standard","volume":"22","author":"Sullivan","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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