{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T10:29:44Z","timestamp":1771064984675,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["195041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["195041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cryptography"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work we explore the use of blockchain with Internet of Things (IoT) devices to provide visitor authentication and access control in a physical environment. We propose the use of a \u201cbracelet\u201d based on a low-cost NodeMCU IoT platform that broadcasts visitor location information and cannot be removed without alerting a management system. We present the design, implementation, and testing of our system. Our results show the feasibility of implementing a physical access control system based on blockchain technology, and performance improvements over a similar system proposed in the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cryptography6040065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T02:51:56Z","timestamp":1670467916000},"page":"65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Physical Visitor Access Control and Authentication Using Blockchain, Smart Contracts and Internet of Things"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Frederick","family":"Stock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2801-1962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yesem","family":"Kurt Peker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TSYS School of Computer Science, Columbus State University, Columbus, GA 31907, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2852-2041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo J.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jarel","family":"Hearst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TSYS School of Computer Science, Columbus State University, Columbus, GA 31907, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Nakamoto, S. 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