{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T11:01:46Z","timestamp":1771930906988,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Data"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study introduces an innovative empirical methodology by integrating spatial panel models with satellite imagery data from 1970 to 2019. This innovative approach illuminates the effects of greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and various global variables on regional temperature shifts and the environmental repercussions of land-use alterations, establishing a substantial empirical basis for climate change. The results revealed that global variables such as sunspot activity, the length of day (LOD), and the Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL) have negligible impacts on global temperature variations. This model uncovers the nuanced effect of deforestation on global temperatures, highlighting a decrease in temperature following deforestation above 40\u00b0N latitude, contrary to the warming effect observed in lower latitudes. Exceptionally, deforestation within the 10\u00b0 N to 10\u00b0 S tropical bands results in a temperature decrease, challenging the established theories. The results suggest that converting forests to grass\/shrublands and croplands plays a significant role in these temperature dynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/data10020019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T05:08:26Z","timestamp":1738300106000},"page":"19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of Various Land Cover Transformations on Climate Change: Insights from a Spatial Panel Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Khezri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), London WC2A 2AE, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155121","article-title":"Forests and Climate Change: Forcings, Feedbacks, and the Climate Benefits of Forests","volume":"320","author":"Bonan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1244693","article-title":"High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change","volume":"342","author":"Hansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2023.105886","article-title":"Framework for Considering the Interactions between Climate Change, Socio-Economic Development and Land Use Planning in the Assessment of Future Flood Risk","volume":"171","author":"Hamers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. 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