{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T13:25:23Z","timestamp":1777037123036,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Soft Science Research Plan Project of Henan Province","award":["252400410537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252400410537"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Data"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the digital transformation era, understanding the relationship between digital and real economies is vital for regional development. This study analyses the interaction between these two economies in Henan Province using panel data from 18 cities (2011\u20132023). It incorporates policy support intensity through fuzzy set theory, applies an integrated weighting method to measure development levels, and uses regression models to assess the digital economy\u2019s impact on the real economy. The coupling coordination degree model, kernel density estimation, and Gini coefficient reveal the coordination status and spatial distribution, while the ecological Lotka\u2013Volterra model identifies the symbiotic patterns. The key findings are as follows: (1) The digital economy does not directly determine the state of the real economy. For example, cities such as Zhoukou and Zhumadian have low digital economy levels but high real economy levels. However, the development of the digital economy promotes the real economy without signs of diminishing returns. (2) The two economies are generally coordinated but differ spatially, with greater coordination in the Central Plains urban agglomeration. (3) The digital and real economies exhibit both collaboration and competition, with reciprocal mutualism as the dominant mode of integration. These insights provide guidance for policymakers and offer a new perspective on the integration of both economies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/data10080126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T10:48:08Z","timestamp":1754304488000},"page":"126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Synergistic Evolution or Competitive Disruption? Analysing the Dynamic Interaction Between Digital and Real Economies in Henan, China, Based on Panel Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yaping","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Management Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1621-7995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingwei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Management Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chutong","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Management Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuaishuai","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Management Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6239-4127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Management Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2019.03.010","article-title":"Is this time different? How digitalization influences job creation and destruction","volume":"48","author":"Balsmeier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmmed, M.S., Isanaka, S.P., and Liou, F. (2024). Promoting Synergies to Improve Manufacturing Efficiency in Industrial Material Processing: A Systematic Review of Industry 4.0 and AI. Machines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/machines12100681"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1257\/mac.20180386","article-title":"The Productivity J-Curve: How Intangibles Complement General Purpose Technologies","volume":"13","author":"Brynjolfsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. Econ. J. Macroecon."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"OECD (2018). Economic Outlook for Southeast Asia, China and India 2018: Fostering Growth Through Digitalisation, OECD Publishing."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"62","article-title":"Regional Differences and Formation Mechanisms of the Integrated Development of China\u2019s Digital Economy and Real Economy","volume":"395","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bus. Econ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"OECD (2020). OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2020, OECD Publishing."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1257\/jel.20171452","article-title":"Digital Economics","volume":"57","author":"Goldfarb","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Econ. Lit."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, S., Peng, D., Wen, H., and Song, H. (2022). Does the Digital Economy Promote Upgrading the Industrial Structure of Chinese Cities?. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su141610235"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"80","article-title":"Some Simple Economics of the Blockchain","volume":"63","author":"Catalini","year":"2016","journal-title":"SSRN Electron. J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2873186","article-title":"Digital Twin in Industry: State-of-the-Art","volume":"15","author":"Tao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ieee Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2023.102650","article-title":"The effect of the digital economy on total factor productivity in European regions","volume":"47","author":"Rehman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Telecommun. Policy"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.frl.2024.106569","article-title":"Effects of digital finance on enterprise total factor productivity: Evidence from the perspective of innovation level","volume":"72","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Financ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1162\/rest_a_00754","article-title":"Robots at Work","volume":"100","author":"Graetz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Econ. Stat."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1575","article-title":"The convergence level and influencing factors of China\u2019s digital economy and real economy based on grey model and PLS- SEM","volume":"42","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z.Z., Lin, S.F., Chen, Y., Lyulyov, O., and Pimonenko, T. (2024). The Digital Economy and Real Economy: The Dynamic Interaction Effect and the Coupling Coordination Degree. Sustainability, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/su16135769"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, W.K., Xia, W.Q., and Li, S.F. (2022). Dynamic Coupling Trajectory and Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of High-Quality Economic Development and the Digital Economy. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14084543"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2023.103457","article-title":"Digital business model innovation in metaverse: How to approach virtual economy opportunities","volume":"60","author":"Mancuso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Manag."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"OECD (2019). Measuring the Digital Transformation: A Roadmap for the Future, OECD Publishing."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63094","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3075249","article-title":"Research on the Spatial Distribution Pattern and Influencing Factors of Digital Economy Development in China","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ieee Access"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Y.Q., Hu, J.Y., and Wu, L.S. (2023). Efficiency Evaluation of China\u2019s Provincial Digital Economy Based on a DEA Cross-Efficiency Model. Mathematics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/math11133005"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5535864","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5535864","article-title":"Research and Analysis on the Index System of Digital Economy in Anhui Province","volume":"2021","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complexity"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24638","article-title":"How does China\u2019s big data policy affect the digital economy of cities? Evidence from national big data comprehensive pilot zones","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xianbin, T., and Qiong, W. (2021). Sustainable Digital Economy Through Good Governance: Mediating Roles of Social Reforms and Economic Policies. Front. Psychol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.773022"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"19","article-title":"Research on the Coupling and Coordination between Industrial Digitization and High-Quality Development of Manufacturing Industry: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Yangtze River Delta Region","volume":"35","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"East China Econ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"16","article-title":"Identification, Types, and Development Policies of Less Developed Regions in China","volume":"485","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Rural Econ."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y.X., and Feng, Y.J. (2022). Research on the Development and Influence on the Real Economy of Digital Finance: The Case of China. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14148227"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Liang, X., Yu, T., Ruan, S., and Fan, R. (2022). Research on the Integration of Cultural Tourism Industry Driven by Digital Economy in the Context of COVID-19-Based on the Data of 31 Chinese Provinces. Front. Public Health, 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.780476"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, Y.Y., Chen, Y.L., Tao, C.L., Yang, C., Xiang, F.T., Xu, C., and Lin, F.L. (2024). The Impact of the Digital Economy on Supply Chain Security: Evidence from China\u2019s Wooden Furniture Industry. Forests, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/f15050879"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15370","DOI":"10.3390\/su152115370","article-title":"Study on the Innovation-Driven Effect of Digital Economy on Real Economy-A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis from an R&D Perspective","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, Y.J., and Wang, S. (2024). China\u2019s pilot free trade zone and high-quality economic development: The mediation effect of data real integration and the regulating effect of technological innovation. Environment, Development and Sustainability, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-024-04898-7"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"106","article-title":"Research on the Coupling and Coordination between Digital Economy and Real Economy","volume":"40","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stat. Decis."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Zhang, Y.H., Zhang, T.T., and Shi, H.B. (2024). Research on the Integrated Development of Digital Economy and Real Economy in the Yellow River Basin. Yellow River, 10."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, X.J., Du, M., and Dong, H. (2023). Spatial and temporal effects of China\u2019s digital economy on rural revitalization. Front. Energy Res., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fenrg.2023.1061221"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shan, S., and Liu, C.Z. (2023). Research on the Impact of Financial Deepening on Digital Economy Development: An Empirical Analysis from China. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202306.1089.v1"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"106","article-title":"The Theoretical Logic and Realization Path of Promoting High-Quality Development through the Deep Integration of Digital Economy and Real Economy","volume":"53","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Shaanxi Norm. Univ. (Philos. Soc. Sci. Ed.)"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"45","article-title":"Definition of the Conceptual Connotation of the Digital Economy and Improvement of Statistical Classification","volume":"301","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Economist"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"1401","article-title":"Measuring the Development of Digital Inclusive Finance in China: Index Compilation and Spatial Characteristics","volume":"19","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"China Econ. Q."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"3564835","article-title":"Effectiveness of Entropy Weight Method in Decision-Making","volume":"2020","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Math. Probl. Eng."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, R., and Zhou, N.X. (2022). Dynamic Evolution, Spatial Differences, and Driving Factors of China\u2019s Provincial Digital Economy. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14159376"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, S.Y., and Tang, Y.F. (2024). The Impact of the Digital Economy on Carbon Emission Levels and Its Coupling Relationships: Empirical Evidence from China. Sustainability, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/su16135612"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, T., Wang, S., Ding, W., and Guo, H. (2023). Can Technological Innovation and Financial Agglomeration Promote the Growth of Real Economy? Evidence from China. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202309.2008.v1"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"43","article-title":"Digital Transformation and Employment Absorption in Labor-Intensive Manufacturing: An Analysis from the Perspective of Political Economy","volume":"47","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Econ. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2024.123364","article-title":"The inverted U-shaped association between digital economy and corporate total factor productivity: A knowledge-based perspective","volume":"203","author":"Suo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"247","article-title":"Multinational Corporations and Spillovers","volume":"12","author":"Kokko","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Econ. Surv."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"317","article-title":"Spatio-Temporal Evolution Characteristics and Driving Factors of Carbon Emissions in Henan Province from the Perspective of Main Functional Areas","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Xi\u2019an Univ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"32","article-title":"An Empirical Study on the Impact of Digital Economy on Real Economy","volume":"41","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Res. Manag."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"15","article-title":"Improving Cross-Border Resource Allocation Efficiency through High-Level Division of Labor and Institution-Based Opening-Up","volume":"58","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Econ. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, C., Liu, C., Zheng, C., and Li, F. (2021). Digital Economy, Technological Innovation and High-Quality Economic Development: Based on Spatial Effect and Mediation Effect. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14010216"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-020-10096-3","article-title":"Bridging Digital Divides: A Literature Review and Research Agenda for Information Systems Research","volume":"25","author":"Vassilakopoulou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Front."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"9","article-title":"Digital Economy, Total Factor Productivity, and Regional Economic Development Disparities","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Economic Issues"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"4867","article-title":"Relationship between Advanced Manufacturing Agglomeration and Regional Economic-Innovative-Social Coupling Coordination Development: A Spatial Analysis in Liangjiang New Area, China","volume":"150","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Urban Plan. Dev."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnc.2024.126563","article-title":"A comparative analysis of the coupling and coordination between the ecological civilization construction and tourism development in different types of resource-based cities","volume":"79","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nat. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"e02892","article-title":"Coupling coordination analysis and prediction of multi-social-ecological subsystem in the Xiaoxing\u2019an Moutains-Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China","volume":"51","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scharrer, C. (2025). Evolving Contributions of Various Income Sources to U.S. Income Inequality Across Age Groups. J. Popul. Ageing.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12062-025-09481-0"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spl.2025.110376","article-title":"Unbiased estimation of the Gini coefficient","volume":"222","author":"Baydil","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stat. Probabil. Lett."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaa.2025.101679","article-title":"Intragroup social differentiation and household inequality in prehistoric Mumun settlements of Korea","volume":"78","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Anthropol. Archaeol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.143320","article-title":"Coupling coordination analysis on digital economy-tourism development-ecological environment","volume":"470","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4087","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-021-03329-8","article-title":"Coupling and coordination of China\u2019s economy, ecological environment and health from a green production perspective","volume":"19","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24637","article-title":"Research on the coupling coordination relationship between the digital economy and high-quality energy development: Evidence from China","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2020.102025","article-title":"State broadband policy: Impacts on availability","volume":"44","author":"Whitacre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Telecomm Policy"},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Exploring Privilege in the Digital Divide: Implications for Theory, Policy, and Practice","volume":"59","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"6651786","article-title":"Social Capital and Digital Divide: Implications for Mobile Health Policy in Developing Countries","volume":"2021","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Heal. Eng."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiu, Y., He, N., Yan, C., and Rao, Q. (2023). Whether the digital divide widens the income gap between China\u2019s regions?. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273334"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2021.103440","article-title":"What matters for regional economic resilience amid COVID-19? Evidence from cities in Northeast China","volume":"120","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2020.110446","article-title":"Lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Italian dairy products: Activity against and modelling of microbial competition in soft cheese","volume":"137","author":"Panebianco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lwt-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6544\/ab60d8","article-title":"Global dynamics of a Lotka-Volterra competitive system from river ecology: General boundary conditions","volume":"33","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nonlinearity"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beeton, N.J., Hosack, G.R., Wilkins, A., Forbes, L.K., Ickowicz, A., and Hayes, K.R. (2020). Modelling competition between hybridising subspecies. J Theor Biol, 486.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2019.110072"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2023.106939","article-title":"Evolution of marine ecology-industry symbiosis patterns and ecological security assessment: New evidence from coastal areas of China","volume":"247","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ocean Coast. Manag."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29722","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-06119-5","article-title":"Systematic analysis of the coordination degree of China\u2019s economy-ecological environment system and its influencing factor","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2019.04.071","article-title":"An integrated evaluation methodology to measure ecological and economic landscape states for territorial transformation scenarios: An application in Piedmont (Italy)","volume":"105","author":"Assumma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, G.T., Lu, T.J., and Liu, Y.M. (2021). Symmetric Reciprocal Symbiosis Mode of China\u2019s Digital Economy and Real Economy Based on the Logistic Model. Symmetry, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13071136"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2020.106501","article-title":"Grey\u2013Lotka\u2013Volterra model for the competition and cooperation between third-party online payment systems and online banking in China","volume":"95","author":"Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"126","article-title":"Research on the Symbiotic Mode between the Digital Economy and Real Economy Based on Lotka-Volterra","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Study Explore."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, A., Qian, F., Pai, C.H., Yu, N., and Zhou, P. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 Epidemic on the Development of the Digital Economy of China-Based on the Data of 31 Provinces in China. Front. Public Health, 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.778671"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/10580530.2020.1814461","article-title":"COVID-19 Pandemic: Shifting Digital Transformation to a High-Speed Gear","volume":"37","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Manag."}],"container-title":["Data"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5729\/10\/8\/126\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:22:37Z","timestamp":1760034157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5729\/10\/8\/126"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["data10080126"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/data10080126","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-5729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-5729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]}}}