{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T02:26:27Z","timestamp":1770085587980,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"Innovate UK on behalf of UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["104690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104690"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["101017453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101017453"]}]},{"name":"University of St Andrews Sanctuary Scholarship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Data"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounts for the majority of kidney cancer diagnoses and exhibits widely variable clinical behaviour. The dataset described here was generated to support the discovery of robust biomarkers of tumour cell-cycle arrest and to inform the risk-stratified management of ccRCC. We assembled four independent cohorts including 480 patients from the UK arm of the SORCE adjuvant trial, 300 patients from a surgically treated series in Korea, 120 patients from a retrospective Scottish cohort, and a paired primary\u2013metastatic cohort comprising 62 patients. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded nephrectomy specimens were processed for routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) histology, and for multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF). The mIF panels detect the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21CDKN1a, the DNA replication licencing factor MCM2, endoglin\/CD105, Lamin B1 and nuclear DNA (Hoechst). Whole-slide images (WSIs) were acquired at high resolution, and artificial-intelligence pipelines were used to segment nuclei, classify individual cells into arrested phenotypes, and calculate the fraction of cells. Accompanying metadata include demographics, tumour stage, grade, Leibovich score, treatment arm (sorafenib\/placebo), relapse events, and disease-free survival. All images and derived tables are released under a CC0 licence via the BioImage Archive, ensuring unrestricted reuse. This multi-cohort dataset provides a rich resource for studying cell-cycle arrest and proliferation markers, training image-analysis algorithms, and developing prognostic signatures in RCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/data11020027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T12:49:44Z","timestamp":1770036584000},"page":"27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiplex Immunofluorescence and Histopathology Dataset of Cell Cycle\u2013Related Proteins in Renal Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3476-6258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hazem","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SX, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9999-4292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In Hwa","family":"Um","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SX, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3188-9140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grant D.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Laird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Kirkwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2200-5019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang Wook","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Cheol","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1969-8360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung Chul","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}]},{"name":"TranSORCE Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Eisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Frangou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London (UCL), Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, London WC1V 6LJ, UK"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Meade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London (UCL), Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, London WC1V 6LJ, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9041-9988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SX, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17009","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.9","article-title":"Renal Cell Carcinoma","volume":"3","author":"Hsieh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schiavoni, V., Campagna, R., Pozzi, V., Cecati, M., Milanese, G., Sartini, D., Salvolini, E., Galosi, A.B., and Emanuelli, M. (2023). Recent Advances in the Management of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Novel Biomarkers and Targeted Therapies. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15123207"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.14740\/wjon1279","article-title":"Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Padala","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"165715","article-title":"Cell Cycle Regulators in Cancer Cell Metabolism","volume":"1866","author":"Fajas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)\u2014Mol. 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Oncol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.782755"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2023.216327","article-title":"CD105 in the Progression and Therapy of Renal Cell Carcinoma","volume":"570","author":"Oladejo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4064","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.01800","article-title":"Adjuvant Sorafenib for Renal Cell Carcinoma at Intermediate or High Risk of Relapse: Results From the SORCE Randomized Phase III Intergroup Trial","volume":"38","author":"Eisen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. 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