{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T06:06:08Z","timestamp":1771049168765,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"NextGenerationEU","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["09I05-03-V02-00029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09I05-03-V02-00029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Data"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work presents a curated dataset of multimodal sensor measurements from Internet of Things (IoT) units mounted on waste collection vehicles. Each unit records multiple data streams including GPS position, vehicle velocity, radar-based container presence, accelerometer readings of the lifting arm, and RFID tag identifiers of the bins. The dataset provides two complementary forms of annotation: (1) algorithmically generated events that were manually cleaned through visual inspection of sensor signals, offering large-scale coverage across 5 vehicles over a total of 25 collection days, and (2) manually validated events derived from synchronized video recordings, representing ground truth for 3 vehicles over 8 collection days. In total, the dataset contains 12,391 annotated waste collection events. The dataset spans diverse operational conditions with varying container sizes and includes both RFID-equipped and non-RFID bins. It can be used to train and evaluate machine learning models for event detection, anomaly recognition, or explainability studies, and to support practical applications such as Pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) waste management schemes. By combining multimodal sensor signals with reliable annotations, the dataset represents a unique resource for advancing research in smart waste collection and the broader field of IoT-enabled urban services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/data11020038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T17:45:36Z","timestamp":1770831936000},"page":"38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Annotated IoT Dataset of Waste Collection Events"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4815-3933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Tar\u00e1bek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of \u017dilina, Univerzitn\u00e1 8215\/1, 010 26 \u017dilina, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4901-5362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrej","family":"Michalek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of \u017dilina, Univerzitn\u00e1 8215\/1, 010 26 \u017dilina, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Hrin\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of \u017dilina, Univerzitn\u00e1 8215\/1, 010 26 \u017dilina, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0999-0178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u013dubom\u00edr","family":"Kr\u00e1lik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of \u017dilina, Univerzitn\u00e1 8215\/1, 010 26 \u017dilina, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Karol","family":"Decsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIM, s.r.o., Slne\u010dn\u00e1 211\/1, 010 03 \u017dilina, Slovakia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"European Parliament and Council of the European Union (2025, November 08). Directive 2008\/98\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on Waste and Repealing Certain Directives (Waste Framework Directive). Official Journal of the European Union, 2008. Available online: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/dir\/2008\/98\/oj\/eng."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"European Commission (2025, November 08). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: A New Circular Economy Action Plan\u2014For a Cleaner and More Competitive Europe. COM(2020) 98 Final, Brussels, 2020. Available online: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=celex:52020DC0098."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2008.03.033","article-title":"Pay as You Throw in the US: Implementation, Impacts, and Experience","volume":"28","author":"Skumatz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"US Environmental Protection Agency (2025, November 08). Pay-As-You-Throw, Available online: https:\/\/archive.epa.gov\/wastes\/conserve\/tools\/payt\/web\/html\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Acconeer AB (2025, October 09). A111 Pulsed Coherent Radar Sensor\u2014Datasheet. Available online: https:\/\/www.mouser.com\/datasheet\/2\/1126\/A111_datasheet-2933990.pdf."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"ThingMagic (2025, October 09). M7E-PICO RFID Sensor Module Datasheet. Available online: https:\/\/mm.digikey.com\/Volume0\/opasdata\/d220001\/medias\/docus\/6240\/M7E-PICO.pdf."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Analog Devices (2025, October 09). ADXL325\u2014Small, Low Power, 3-Axis \u00b15 g Accelerometer Datasheet. Available online: https:\/\/www.analog.com\/media\/en\/technical-documentation\/data-sheets\/ADXL325.pdf."}],"container-title":["Data"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5729\/11\/2\/38\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T05:21:59Z","timestamp":1771046519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5729\/11\/2\/38"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["data11020038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/data11020038","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-5729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-5729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]}}}