{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T01:41:53Z","timestamp":1775612513215,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DAPD of Alcald\u00eda de Cali"},{"name":"Internal Grant Agency of Universidad Icesi","award":["COL01130114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COL01130114"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Data"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article addresses a key evidence gap in urban safety policy in Colombia: the absence of publicly accessible microdata that jointly measure victimization, perception of security, and probability of sanctions among socioeconomically vulnerable residents. It aims to provide a clean, linkable dataset that enables analysis of variations in these issues across demographic and territorial groups in Cali (recently classified as the 29th most dangerous city worldwide, with 1028 and 1065 homicides in 2024 and 2025, respectively). It reports face-to-face survey data collected from 22 July to 16 August 2024, at Sistema de Identificaci\u00f3n de Potenciales Beneficiarios de Programas Sociales (SISBEN) service points. The final dataset includes 2139 adults (aged 18\u201395 years) and combines (i) primary responses on perceived safety (e.g., public space safety and surveillance cameras), perceived likelihood of sanction, victimization, and self-protection measures with (ii) selected sociodemographic and household characteristics drawn from SISBEN IV records. Individual-level linkage was implemented using respondent identification at interviews, yielding an integrated anonymized file suitable for replication and secondary analysis. The dataset enables distributive analyses of insecurity (e.g., by sex, age, and ethnicity\u2014including Afro-descendant populations) within a policy-relevant target group and supports evaluation and targeting of local interventions by providing individual-level indicators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/data11020041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T12:37:28Z","timestamp":1771245448000},"page":"41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Perceptions of Security, Victimization, and Coexistence: A Database from Cali, Colombia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9974-1874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jhon James","family":"Mora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Negocios y Econom\u00eda Isaac Gilinski, Universidad Icesi, Cali 760031, Colombia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9614-5073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique Javier","family":"Burbano-Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n GERA, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Econ\u00f3micas, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760032, Colombia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9786-7924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angie","family":"Mondrag\u00f3n-Mayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Econom\u00eda, Universidad del Rosario, Bogot\u00e1 111711, Colombia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2581-6298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Santiago","family":"Arroyo Mina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Administraci\u00f3n, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760032, Colombia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1080\/13600810701701913","article-title":"Physical safety and security: A proposal for internationally comparable indicators of violence","volume":"35","author":"Diprose","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oxf. Dev. Stud."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"DANE (2025, February 10). Encuesta de Convivencia y Seguridad Ciudadana ECSC, Available online: https:\/\/www.dane.gov.co\/index.php\/estadisticas-por-tema\/seguridad-y-defensa\/encuesta-de-convivencia-y-seguridad-ciudadana-ecsc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/026975809600400201","article-title":"Fear of crime: A review of the literature","volume":"4","author":"Hale","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Victimol."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Ferraro, K.F. (1995). Fear of Crime: Interpreting Victimization Risk, State University of New York Press."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"451","article-title":"Fear of crime in the United States: Avenues for research and policy","volume":"Volume 4","author":"Warr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Criminal Justice 2000"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.2307\/2580354","article-title":"Perceived risk versus fear of crime: Empirical evidence of conceptually distinct dimensions of fear of victimization in a national sample of women","volume":"74","author":"Rountree","year":"1996","journal-title":"Soc. Forces"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azl031","article-title":"Public confidence in policing: A neo-Durkheimian perspective","volume":"47","author":"Jackson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Criminol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2022.101988","article-title":"Measuring fear of crime during the past 25 years: A systematic quantitative literature review","volume":"82","author":"Hart","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Crim. Justice"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azp059","article-title":"Functional fear and public insecurities about crime","volume":"50","author":"Jackson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Criminol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1191\/030913200701540474","article-title":"Place, social relations and the fear of crime: A review","volume":"24","author":"Pain","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog. Hum. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"61","article-title":"Effects of fear of crime on subjective well-being: A meta-analytic review","volume":"13","author":"Puente","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychol. Appl. Leg. Context"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"45","article-title":"Victimizaci\u00f3n y miedo al crimen en Latinoam\u00e9rica: \u00bfC\u00f3mo se relacionan con el bienestar subjetivo?","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intervenci\u00f3n"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Roberts, B.R., and Wilson, F.H. (2020). Sociology of Fear of crime in Latin America. The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of Latin America, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dammert, L. (2012). Fear and Crime in Latin America: Redefining State-Society Relations, Routledge. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203116289"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"133","article-title":"Victimizaci\u00f3n por crimen, percepci\u00f3n de seguridad y satisfacci\u00f3n con la vida en Colombia","volume":"21","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. de Econ. Inst."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"World Population Review (2025, January 10). Most Violent Cities in the World 2024. Available online: https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/world-city-rankings\/most-violent-cities-in-the-world."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"de Cali, A. (2025, February 12). Informe Anual de Homicidios 2024, Available online: https:\/\/www.cali.gov.co\/observatorios\/publicaciones\/113364\/observatorio-social-informe-anual\/."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.26754\/ojs_ried\/ijds.374","article-title":"\u00bfLos toques de queda para menores de edad disminuyen la tasa de homicidio? Evidencia de Cali (Colombia)","volume":"9","author":"Burbano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. Estud. Desarro."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Vamos, C.C. (2025, May 15). Encuesta de Percepci\u00f3n Ciudadana 2024. Available online: https:\/\/www.calicomovamos.org.co\/encuesta-percepcion-ciudadana."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"de Cali, A. (2025, May 12). Plan de Desarrollo Distrital, Available online: https:\/\/www.cali.gov.co\/planeacion\/publicaciones\/114694\/plan-desarrollo-distrital\/."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Programas de transferencias condicionadas de ingreso e igualdad de g\u00e9nero: \u00bfPor d\u00f3nde anda Am\u00e9rica Latina?","volume":"109","year":"2011","journal-title":"CEPAL\u2014Ser. Mujer Y Desarro."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"DANE (2025, May 01). Participaci\u00f3n de Las Mujeres Colombianas en el Mercado Laboral. Comisi\u00f3n Legal Para la Equidad de la Mujer, Available online: https:\/\/www.dane.gov.co\/files\/investigaciones\/genero\/informes\/Informe-participacion-mujer-mercado-laboral.pdf."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2307\/1912352","article-title":"Sample selection bias as a specification error","volume":"47","author":"Heckman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"CIDSE (2025, May 16). \u00bfCu\u00e1ntos Somos? \u00bfC\u00f3mo Vamos? Cali: Diagn\u00f3stico Sociodemogr\u00e1fico de Cali y 10 Municipios del Pac\u00edfico Nari\u00f1ense. Afroam\u00e9rica XXI, Available online: http:\/\/www.dane.gov.co\/files\/censo2005\/etnia\/sys\/cuantos_somos.pdf."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"167","article-title":"Duraci\u00f3n del desempleo de los j\u00f3venes y los \u201cninis\u201d en Cali, Colombia","volume":"19","author":"Mora","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. de Econ. Inst."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"319","article-title":"Nonparametric bounds on treatment effects","volume":"80","author":"Manski","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Manski, C.F. (1995). Identification Problems in the Social Sciences, Harvard University Press."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Leuven, E., and Sianesi, B. (2003). PSMATCH2: Stata Module to Perform Full Mahalanobis and Propensity Score Matching, Common Support Graphing, and Covariate Imbalance Testing. Statistical Software Components S432001, Boston College Department of Economics."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41","article-title":"The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects","volume":"70","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biometrika"}],"container-title":["Data"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5729\/11\/2\/41\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T13:05:18Z","timestamp":1771247118000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5729\/11\/2\/41"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["data11020041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/data11020041","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-5729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-5729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]}}}