{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:55:57Z","timestamp":1760241357085,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,7]],"date-time":"2018-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Data"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Three-dimensional dataset of world ocean climatological annual and monthly mean absolute geostrophic velocity in isopycnal level (called WOIL-V) has been produced from the United States (U.S.) Navy\u2019s Generalized Digital Environmental Model (GDEM) temperature and salinity fields (open access from the website http:\/\/data.nodc.noaa.gov\/cgi-bin\/iso?id=gov.noaa.nodc:9600094) using the P-vector method. The data have horizontal resolution of 0.5\u00b0 \u00d7 0.5\u00b0, and 222 isopycnal-levels. The total 13 data files include annual and monthly mean values. The WOIL-V is the only dataset of absolute geostrophic velocity in isopycnal level compatible to the GDEM (T, S) fields, and provides background ocean currents for oceanographic and climatic studies, especially in ocean modeling with the isopycnal coordinate system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/data3010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]],"date-time":"2018-01-08T12:26:02Z","timestamp":1515414362000},"page":"1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["World Ocean Isopycnal Level Absolute Geostrophic Velocity (WOIL-V) Inverted from GDEM with the P-Vector Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Ocean Analysis and Prediction (NOAP) Laboratory, Department of Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1175\/JPO2905.1","article-title":"Roles of Equatorial Waves and Western Boundary Refelection in the Seasonal Circulation of the Equatorial Indian Ocean","volume":"36","author":"Yuan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2006.05.002","article-title":"Geographic distribution of the diapycnal component of thermohaline circulations in coupled climate models","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ocean. Model."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Allen, R.L., US Navy, and Naval Oceanographic Office (2014, February 02). Global Gridded Physical Profile Data from the U.S. Navy\u2019s Generalized Digital Environmental Model (GDEM) Product Database (NODC Accession 9600094), Available online: https:\/\/data.nodc.noaa.gov\/cgi-bin\/iso?id=gov.noaa.nodc:9600094."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7167","DOI":"10.1029\/JC095iC05p07167","article-title":"A comparison between the Generalized Digital Environmental Model and Levitus climatologies","volume":"95","author":"Teague","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(2001)031<0244:JSTSAC>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Japan Sea circulation and thermohaline structure, Part 1 Climatology","volume":"31","author":"Chu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chu, P.C., and Fan, C.W. (2015). Absolute geostrophic velocity inverted from World Ocean Atlas 2013 (WOAV13) with the P-vector method. Geosci. Data J.","DOI":"10.1002\/gdj3.31"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"3","article-title":"P-vector method for determining absolute velocity from hydrographic data","volume":"29","author":"Chu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mar. Technol. Soc. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chu, P.C. (2006). P Vector Inverse Method, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-33386-9"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(2000)030<2419:SCSISC>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"South China Sea isopycnal surface circulations","volume":"30","author":"Chu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chu, P.C., Li, R.F., and You, X.B. (2002). Northwest Pacific subtropical countercurrent on isopycnal surface in summer. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29.","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GL014831"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chu, P.C., and Lan, J. (2003). Extremely strong thermohaline source\/sinks generated by diagnostic initialization. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30.","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GL016525"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011161313505","article-title":"P-vector spirals and determination of absolute velocities","volume":"56","author":"Chu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02751694","article-title":"Evaluation of P-vector method using modular ocean model (MOM)","volume":"54","author":"Chu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(2001)031<2886:JSTSAC>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Japan Sea circulation and thermohaline structure, Part 2 A variational P-vector method","volume":"31","author":"Chu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02842836","article-title":"Determination of the current system on isopycnal surface between Mindanao and New Guinea from GDEM","volume":"21","author":"Chu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2005.06.010","article-title":"An inverse model for calculation of global volume transport from wind and hydrographic data","volume":"65","author":"Chu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."}],"container-title":["Data"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5729\/3\/1\/1\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T14:50:24Z","timestamp":1760194224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5729\/3\/1\/1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["data3010001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/data3010001","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-5729"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2306-5729"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,7]]}}}