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To this aim, the presented dataset contains International 10\/20 system EEG recordings from subjects under mental cognitive workload (performing mental serial subtraction) and the corresponding reference background EEGs. Based on the subtraction task performance (number of subtractions and accuracy of the result), the subjects were divided into good counters and bad counters (for whom the mental task required excessive efforts). The data was recorded from 36 healthy volunteers of matched age, all of whom are students of Educational and Scientific Centre \u201cInstitute of Biology and Medicine\u201d, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv (Ukraine); the recordings are available through Physiobank platform. The dataset can be used by the neuroscience research community studying brain dynamics during cognitive workload.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/data4010014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T05:41:08Z","timestamp":1547790068000},"page":"14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":268,"title":["Electroencephalograms during Mental Arithmetic Task Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Igor","family":"Zyma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Educational and Scientific Center \u201cInstitute of Biology and Medicine\u201d, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]},{"given":"Sergii","family":"Tukaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology of Brain and Psychophysiology, Educational and Scientific Centre \u201cInstitute of Biology and Medicine\u201d, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine"},{"name":"Department of Social Communication, Institute of Journalism, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine"},{"name":"Laboratory on Theory and Methodic of Sport Preparation and Reserve Capabilities of Athletes, Scientific Research Institute, National University of Physical Education and Sports of Ukraine, 03150 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Seleznov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Technical University of Ukraine \u201cIgor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute\u201d, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine"},{"name":"R&amp;D Engineering, Ciklum, London WC1A 2TH, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5433-7002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Kiyono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1194-4424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Popov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Technical University of Ukraine \u201cIgor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute\u201d, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine"},{"name":"R&amp;D Engineering, Ciklum, London WC1A 2TH, UK"}]},{"given":"Mariia","family":"Chernykh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Educational and Scientific Center \u201cInstitute of Biology and Medicine\u201d, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]},{"given":"Oleksii","family":"Shpenkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Educational and Scientific Center \u201cInstitute of Biology and Medicine\u201d, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.51.1.13","article-title":"Brain imaging and cognitive neuroscience: Toward strong inference in attributing function to structure","volume":"51","author":"Sarter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. 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