{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:38:17Z","timestamp":1773621497454,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]],"date-time":"2019-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Russian State Governmental Task","award":["0134-2019-155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0134-2019-155"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Data"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper shows the results of the refined locations for underground Peaceful Nuclear Explosions (PNEs). Peaceful nuclear explosions (PNEs) were made for industrial applications in the Soviet Union. This study is based on a comparison of PNEs\u2019 parameters. These explosions were recorded by seismographic stations in Kazakhstan from 1966 to 1988. The monitoring\/verification community generally utilizes PNE locations from Sultanov et al. (1999). In reality, there are errors and some PNEs are poorly located. Our locations were determined using an integrated approach encompassing published open literature sources and archive seismogram analysis from Borovoye Geophysical Observatory. Treated PNEs seismograms have been available to researchers since 2001. They became available after the cooperation between Russian and U.S. organizations. The first one was the Institute of Geosphere Dynamics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IDG RAS), the organization that operated the Observatory in the Soviet era. The second one was the National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan (NNC since 1992). The third one, from the U.S. side, was the Lamont\u2012Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University (LDEO). We present two digital seismograms of old-style seismograms from a digitized archive in ASCII format. We provide travel times for P-waves, some seismograms, and additional source parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/data4020056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]],"date-time":"2019-04-25T03:39:02Z","timestamp":1556163542000},"page":"56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Refined USSR Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Database for Borovoye Geophysical Observatory"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0725-8023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kseniia","family":"Nepeina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Station of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RS RAS), Bishkek 790049, Kyrgyzstan"}]},{"given":"Vadim","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geosphere Dynamics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IDG RAS), Moscow 119334, Russian"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Soviet PNEs: A Legacy of Contamination","volume":"55","author":"Larin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull. At. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1023","article-title":"Seismic Observations and Monitoring of Underground Nuclear Explosions at Borovoye Geophysical Observatory","volume":"12","author":"Adushkin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR Phys. Solid Earth"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"141","article-title":"A digital seismogram archive of nuclear explosion signals, recorded at the Borovoye Geophysical Observatory, Kazakhstan, from 1966 to 1996","volume":"6","author":"An","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geo. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"61","article-title":"Instrument Responses of Digital Seismographs at Borovoye Kazakhstan by Inversion of Transient Calibration Pulses","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"1996","journal-title":"BSSA"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"90","article-title":"The travel-time curves of \u201cBorovoye\u201d Geophysical Observatory constructed using underground nuclear tests","volume":"2","author":"An","year":"2016","journal-title":"NNC RK Bull."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"62","article-title":"About normals of magnet digital records from the Geophysical Observatory, Borovoye","volume":"3","author":"An","year":"2010","journal-title":"NNC RK Bull."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Nordyke, M.D. (2019, March 04). The Soviet Program for Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Explosions, Available online: https:\/\/e-reports-ext.llnl.gov\/pdf\/238468.pdf."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"640","article-title":"A Seismic Source Summary for Soviet Peaceful Nuclear Explosions","volume":"89","author":"Sultanov","year":"1999","journal-title":"BSSA"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Murphy, J.R., Sultanov, D.D., Barker, B.W., Kitov, I.O., and Marshall, M.E. (2019, February 04). Further Analyses of Regional Seismic Data Recorded from the Soviet PNE Program: Implications with Respect to CTBT Monitoring. Available online: https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/docs\/citations\/ADA341784."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00001142","article-title":"Seismic Source Characteristics of Soviet Peaceful Nuclear Explosions","volume":"158","author":"Murphy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Kim, W.-Y., Richards, P.G., Adushkin, V., and Ovtchinnikov, V. (2019, February 04). Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966\u20131996, A report of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. Available online: http: www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/Monitoring\/Data\/Brv_arch_ex\/brv_text_table.pdf."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"30","article-title":"Time corrections for digital seismograms at \u201cBorovoye\u201d Geophysical Observatory 1966\u20131995","volume":"3","author":"An","year":"2016","journal-title":"NNC RK Bull."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"123","article-title":"Improvement of GT classification of Soviet PNEs","volume":"2","author":"Mackey","year":"2016","journal-title":"NNC RK Bull."}],"container-title":["Data"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5729\/4\/2\/56\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:46:58Z","timestamp":1760186818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5729\/4\/2\/56"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["data4020056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/data4020056","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-5729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-5729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]]}}}