{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T09:02:21Z","timestamp":1768986141503,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2011-68002-30110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011-68002-30110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Data"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Agro-climatic data by county (ACDC) is designed to provide the major agro-climatic variables from publicly available spatial data sources to diverse end-users. ACDC provides USDA NASS annual (1981\u20132015) crop yields for corn, soybeans, upland cotton and winter wheat by county. Customizable growing degree days for 1 \u00b0C intervals between \u221260 \u00b0C and +60 \u00b0C, and total precipitation for two different crop growing seasons from the PRISM weather data are included. Soil characteristic data from USDA-NRCS gSSURGO are also provided for each county in the 48 contiguous US states. All weather and soil data are processed to include only data for land being used for non-forestry agricultural uses based on the USGS NLCD land cover\/land use data. This paper explains the numerical and geo-computational methods and data generating processes employed to create ACDC from the original data sources. Essential considerations for data management and use are discussed, including the use of the agricultural mask, spatial aggregation and disaggregation, and the computational requirements for working with the raw data sources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/data4020066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T11:00:57Z","timestamp":1557745257000},"page":"66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Agro-Climatic Data by County: A Spatially and Temporally Consistent U.S. Dataset for Agricultural Yields, Weather and Soils"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Seong Do","family":"Yun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Economics, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8741-9856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin M.","family":"Gramig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Edenhofer, O., R. Pichs-Madruga, Y., Sokona, E., Farahani, S., Kadner, K., Seyboth, A., Adler, I., Baum, S., and Brunner, P. (2014). Summary for Policymakers. Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"321","article-title":"The Challenge of Climate Change Adaptation for Agriculture: An Economically Oriented Review","volume":"48","author":"McCarl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Agric. Econ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.97.1.354","article-title":"The Economic Impacts of Climate Change: Evidence from Agricultural Output and Random Fuctuations in Weather","volume":"97","author":"Greenstone","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"366","article-title":"Effects of Climate Change on Rice Yield and Rice Market in Vietnam","volume":"48","author":"Le","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Agric. Econ."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1093\/ajae\/aau024","article-title":"Crop Supply Dynamics and the Illusion of Partial Adjustment","volume":"96","author":"Hendricks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Agric. Econ."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"753","article-title":"The Impact of Global Warning on Agriculture: A Ricardian Analysis","volume":"84","author":"Mendelsohn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2014.12.013","article-title":"Agricultural Production Systems Modelling and Software: Current Status and Future Prospects","volume":"72","author":"Holzworth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Softw."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1257\/jel.52.3.740","article-title":"What Do We Learn from the Weather? The New Climate-Economy Literature","volume":"52","author":"Dell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Econ. Lit."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15594","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906865106","article-title":"Nonlinear Temperature Effects Indicate Severe Damages to U.S. Crop Yields under Climate Change","volume":"106","author":"Schlenker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Yun, S.D., and Gramig, B.M. (August, January 31). Days Suitable for Field Work in the US Corn Belt: Climate, Soils and Spatial Heterogeneity. Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Meetings of Agriculture & Applied Economics Association, Boston, MA, USA."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3268","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1222463110","article-title":"Assessing Agricultural Risks of Climate Change in the 21st Century in a Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison","volume":"111","author":"Rosenzweig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.10.016","article-title":"Rapid Aggregation of Global Gridded Crop Model Outputs to Facilitate Cross-disciplinary Analysis of Climate Change Impacts in Agriculture","volume":"75","author":"Villoria","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Softw."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.2307\/1933912","article-title":"Rapid Estimation of Heat Accumulation from Maximum and Minimum Temperatures Published by: Ecological Society of America","volume":"50","author":"Baskerville","year":"1969","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"4","article-title":"Degree-days: An Aid in Crop and Pest Management","volume":"37","author":"Wilson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Calif. Agric."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Zalom, F., Goodell, P., Wilson, L.T.T., Barnett, W., and Bentley, W. (1983). Degree-days, the Calculation and Use of Heat Units in Pest Management. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Leaflet 21370, University of California."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1990.00021962008200020033x","article-title":"Temperature and Solar-Radiation Effects on Potential Maize Yield across Locations","volume":"82","author":"Muchow","year":"1990","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1966)094<0461:NDDAAB>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Normal Degree Days above any Base by the Universal Truncation Coefficient","volume":"94","author":"Thom","year":"1966","journal-title":"Mon. Weather Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/ajae\/aas047","article-title":"Agronomic Weather Measures in Econometric Models of Crop Yield with Implications for Climate Change","volume":"95","author":"Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Agric. Econ."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1923(85)90095-4","article-title":"Hand Calculating Degree Days","volume":"35","author":"Snyder","year":"1985","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2004.1945","article-title":"The Soil Management Assessment Framework","volume":"68","author":"Andrews","year":"2004","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"260","article-title":"Profit, Yield, and Soil Quality Effects of Tillage Systems in Corn-Soybean Rotations","volume":"59","author":"Buman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Soil Water Conserv."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2000.00472425002900030007x","article-title":"A Conceptual Model and Indicators for Assessing the Ecological Condition of Agricultural Lands","volume":"29","author":"Hess","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Wolkowski, D. (2005). Soil Quality and Crop Production System. New Horiz. soil Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Yun, S.D., Gramig, B.M., Delgado, M.S., and Florax, J.G.M.R. (2015, January 26\u201328). Does Spatial Correlation Matter in Econometric Models of Crop Yield Response and Weather?. Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Meetings of Agriculture & Applied Economics Association, San Francisco, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13268","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611508104","article-title":"Soil Erosion and Agricultural Sustainability","volume":"104","author":"Montgomery","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1017\/S1074070800004326","article-title":"Spatial Approaches to Panel Data in Agricultural Economics: A Climate Change Application","volume":"43","author":"Baylis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Appl. Econ."}],"container-title":["Data"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5729\/4\/2\/66\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:50:11Z","timestamp":1760187011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5729\/4\/2\/66"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["data4020066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/data4020066","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-5729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-5729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]}}}