{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T11:05:03Z","timestamp":1781780703349,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Science Centre, Poland","award":["Grant UMO-2017\/27\/N\/ST8\/03103 titled \u201cEnergy balance of low temperature pyrolysis of organic waste\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant UMO-2017\/27\/N\/ST8\/03103 titled \u201cEnergy balance of low temperature pyrolysis of organic waste\u201d"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016683","name":"The Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project no. IOW05556 (Future Challenges in Animal Production Systems: Seeking Solutions through Focused Facilitation)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project no. IOW05556 (Future Challenges in Animal Production Systems: Seeking Solutions through Focused Facilitation)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016683","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Data"],"abstract":"<jats:p>New technologies to valorize refuse-derived fuels (RDFs) will be required in the near future due to emerging trends of (1) the cement industry\u2019s demands for high-quality alternative fuels and (2) the decreasing calorific value of the fuels derived from municipal solid waste (MSW) and currently used in cement\/incineration plants. Low-temperature pyrolysis can increase the calorific value of processed material, leading to the production of value-added carbonized solid fuel (CSF). This dataset summarizes the key properties of MSW-derived CSF. Pyrolysis experiments were completed using eight types of organic waste and their two RDF mixtures. Organic waste represented common morphological groups of MSW, i.e., cartons, fabrics, kitchen waste, paper, plastic, rubber, PAP\/AL\/PE composite packaging (multi-material packaging also known as Tetra Pak cartons), and wood. The pyrolysis was conducted at temperatures ranging from 300 to 500 \u00b0C (20 \u00b0C intervals), with a retention (process) time of 20 to 60 min (20 min intervals). The mass yield, energy densification ratio, and energy yield were determined to characterize the pyrolysis process efficiency. The raw materials and produced CSF were tested with proximate analyses (moisture content, organic matter content, ash content, and combustible part content) and with ultimate analyses (elemental composition C, H, N, S) and high heating value (HHV). Additionally, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) of the pyrolysis process were performed. The dataset documents the changes in fuel properties of RDF resulting from low-temperature pyrolysis as a function of the pyrolysis conditions and feedstock type. The greatest HHV improvements were observed for fabrics (up to 65%), PAP\/AL\/PE composite packaging (up to 56%), and wood (up to 46%).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/data5020048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T11:31:18Z","timestamp":1590060678000},"page":"48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste Components and Refuse-Derived Fuel\u2014Process Efficiency and Fuel Properties of Carbonized Solid Fuel"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9817-6324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kacper","family":"\u015awiechowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37\/41 Che\u0142mo\u0144skiego Str., 51-630 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4284-6990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Sygu\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37\/41 Che\u0142mo\u0144skiego Str., 51-630 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2387-0354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek A.","family":"Koziel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5144-9495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"St\u0119pie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37\/41 Che\u0142mo\u0144skiego Str., 51-630 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szymon","family":"Kugler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymer Institute, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 10 Pu\u0142askiego Str., 70-322 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4067-8556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Manczarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Building Services, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5871-2129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Bia\u0142owiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37\/41 Che\u0142mo\u0144skiego Str., 51-630 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2008.02.009","article-title":"Gasification of refuse derived fuel in a fixed bed reactor for syngas production","volume":"29","author":"Dalai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"33","article-title":"Possibilities for application of alternative fuels in Poland","volume":"18","author":"Nowak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. 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