{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:38:34Z","timestamp":1787027914100,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Data"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spatially explicit, wall-to-wall rainfall data provide foundational climatic information but alone are inadequate for characterizing meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, or ecological drought. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is one of the most widely used indicators of drought and defines localized conditions of both drought and excess rainfall based on period-specific (e.g., 1-month, 6-month, 12-month) accumulated precipitation relative to multi-year averages. A 93-year (1920\u20132012), high-resolution (250 m) gridded dataset of monthly rainfall available for the State of Hawai\u2018i was used to derive gridded, monthly SPI values for 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48-, and 60-month intervals. Gridded SPI data were validated against independent, station-based calculations of SPI provided by the National Weather Service. The gridded SPI product was also compared with the U.S. Drought Monitor during the overlapping period. This SPI product provides several advantages over currently available drought indices for Hawai\u2018i in that it has statewide coverage over a long historical period at high spatial resolution to capture fine-scale climatic gradients and monitor changes in local drought severity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/data5040109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T09:04:15Z","timestamp":1606381455000},"page":"109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long-Term, Gridded Standardized Precipitation Index for Hawai\u2018i"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Matthew P.","family":"Lucas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Environment, University of Hawai\u2018i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clay","family":"Trauernicht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai\u2018i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4076-4577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abby G.","family":"Frazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Environment, University of Hawai\u2018i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"},{"name":"East-West Center, Honolulu, HI 96848, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0882-3568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai\u2018i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-11-00228.1","article-title":"Online rainfall atlas of hawai\u2018i","volume":"94","author":"Giambelluca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull. 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Hydrometeor."}],"container-title":["Data"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5729\/5\/4\/109\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:37:35Z","timestamp":1760179055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5729\/5\/4\/109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["data5040109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/data5040109","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-5729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-5729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]}}}