{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:27:45Z","timestamp":1760239665266,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009595","name":"Service Public de Wallonie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WALOUS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WALOUS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Data"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Land cover maps contribute to a large diversity of geospatial applications, including but not limited to land management, hydrology, land use planning, climate modeling and biodiversity monitoring. In densely populated and highly fragmented landscapes as observed in the Walloon region (Belgium), very high spatial resolution is required to depict all the infrastructures, buildings and most of the structural elements of the semi-natural landscapes (like hedges and small water bodies). Because of the resolution, the vertical dimension needs explicit handling to avoid discontinuities incompatible with many applications. For example, how to map a river flowing under a bridge? The particularity of our data is to provide a two-digit land cover code to label all the overlapping items. The identification of all the overlaps resulted from the combination of remote sensing image analysis and decision rules involving ancillary data. The final product is therefore semantically precise and accurate in terms of land cover description thanks to the addition of 24 classes on top of the 11 pure land cover classes. The quality of the map has been assessed using a state-of-the-art validation scheme. Its overall accuracy is as high as 91.5%, with an average producer\u2019s accuracy of 86% and an average user\u2019s accuracy of 91%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/data5040117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,13]],"date-time":"2020-12-13T20:56:57Z","timestamp":1607893017000},"page":"117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["First 1-M Resolution Land Cover Map Labeling the Overlap in the 3rd Dimension: The 2018 Map for Wallonia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Bassine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Life Institute, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Radoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Life Institute, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1518-161X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Beaumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing and Geodata Unit, Institut Scientifique de Service Public (ISSeP), B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9837-1832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ta\u00efs","family":"Grippa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANAGEO-DGES, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, B-1030 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2870-4515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moritz","family":"Lennert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANAGEO-DGES, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, B-1030 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Champagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Life Institute, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathilde","family":"De Vroey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Life Institute, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augustin","family":"Martinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Life Institute, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Bouchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Life Institute, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Deffense","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Life Institute, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Hallot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing and Geodata Unit, Institut Scientifique de Service Public (ISSeP), B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"El\u00e9onore","family":"Wolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANAGEO-DGES, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, B-1030 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Defourny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Life Institute, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beaumont, B., Stephenne, N., Wyard, C., and Hallot, E. 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