{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T10:37:32Z","timestamp":1766486252484,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Data"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Halitosis is a highly distressing, socially unaesthetic condition, with a very high incidence amongst the adult population. It predominantly arises from excessive oral cavity volatile sulphur compound (VSC) concentrations, which have either oral or extra-oral etiologies (90\u201395% and 5\u201310% of cases, respectively). However, reports concerning age- and gender-related influences on the patterns and concentrations of these malodorous agents remain sparse; therefore, this study\u2019s first objective was to explore the significance and impact of these potential predictor variables on the oral cavity levels of these malodorants. Moreover, because non-oral etiologies for halitosis may represent avatars of serious extra-oral diseases, the second objective was to distinguish between etiology- (source-) dependent patterns of oral cavity VSCs. Oral cavity VSC determinations were performed on 116 healthy human participants using a non-stationary gas chromatographic facility, and following a 4 h period of abstention from all non-respiratory oral activities. Participants were grouped according to ages or age bands, and gender. Statistical analyses of VSC level data acquired featured both univariate\/correlation and multivariate (MV) approaches. Factorial analysis-of-variance and MV analyses revealed that the levels of all VSCs monitored were independent of both age and gender. Principal component analysis (PCA) and a range of further MV analysis techniques, together with an agglomerative hierarchal clustering strategy, demonstrated that VSC predictor variables were partitioned into two components, the first arising from orally-sourced H2S and CH3SH, the second from extra-orally-sourced (CH3)2S alone (about 55% and 30% of total variance respectively). In conclusion, oral cavity VSC concentrations appear not to be significantly influenced by age and gender. Furthermore, (CH3)2S may serve as a valuable biomarker for selected extra-oral conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/data6040036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T10:34:12Z","timestamp":1617705252000},"page":"36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Targeted Chemometrics Investigations of Source-, Age- and Gender-Dependencies of Oral Cavity Malodorous Volatile Sulphur Compounds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Kerry L.","family":"Grootveld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Ruiz-Rodado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Cancer Institute, Neuro-Oncology Branch, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1502-3734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Grootveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1977.48.1.13","article-title":"Production and origin of oral malodor: A review of mechanisms and methods of analysis","volume":"48","author":"Tonzetich","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. 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