{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T00:07:01Z","timestamp":1772842021597,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FRGS (Fundamental Research Grand Scheme), Ministry of Higher education, Malaysia project tit-tle \u201cTo examine eco-innovation index for CO2 emission reduction in the Malaysian energy sec-tors\u201d","award":["project ID 14433 with Reference Code FRGS\/1\/2018\/TK10\/UTP\/02\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project ID 14433 with Reference Code FRGS\/1\/2018\/TK10\/UTP\/02\/2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Data"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, eco-innovation has received a lot of attention in the academic and corporate world due to its potential to accelerate firm financial progression. To measure eco-innovation, mostly primary data and a reactive approach were employed. By emphasising the proactive approach and utilising a secondary panel dataset, this study fills the existing research gap. Data presented in this paper comprise 31 energy firms from Bursa Malaysia for the years between 2015 and 2019. Panel data associated with eco-innovation proactiveness and firm financial progression were collected from three different sources such as company websites, annual reports, and sustainability reports using content analysis. For data collection, an index was adapted comprising five dimensions of eco-innovation, named as product, process, technology, organizational, and marketing. In addition to that, Tobin\u2019s Q was considered as a proxy dimension for firm financial progression because it considers both market value as well as book value. Following a unit root test, six specific data diagnostic tests were performed to ensure data reliability and validity for future potential usage. The results reveal that the panel dataset was organised and is eligible for further statistical model analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/data6120131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T08:17:58Z","timestamp":1639124278000},"page":"131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Panel Dataset to Assess Proactive Eco-Innovation in the Paradigm of Firm Financial Progression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4431-2028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Abu","family":"Toha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia"},{"name":"Business Studies Group, National University, Dhaka 1704, Bangladesh"}]},{"given":"Satirenjit Kaur","family":"Johl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.2678","article-title":"How environmental innovation influences firm performance: A meta-analytic review","volume":"30","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bus. Strategy Environ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.118721","article-title":"Empirical generalizations in eco-innovation: A meta-analytic approach","volume":"245","author":"Bitencourt","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryszko, A. (2016). Proactive environmental strategy, technological eco-innovation and firm performance\u2014Case of poland. Sustainability, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/su8020156"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toha, M., Johl, S.K., and Khan, P.A. (2020). Firm\u2019s Sustainability and Societal Development from the Lens of Fishbone Eco-Innovation: A Moderating Role of ISO 14001-2015 Environmental Management System. Processes, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr8091152"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"139","article-title":"International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) for Smes and Its Impact on Reporting Quality","volume":"7","author":"Uddin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jagannath Univ. J. Bus. Stud."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"2","article-title":"The Effect of Audit Firm Size & Abnormal Audit Fees on Independent Auditor\u2019s Opinion: Conceptual Framework (Bangladesh Perspective)","volume":"3","author":"Toha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Ethics Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Ayres, R., Costanza, R., Goldemberg, J., Ilic, M.D., Jochem, E., Kaufmann, R., Lovins, A.B., Munasinghe, M., Pachauri, R.K., and Pardo, C.S. (2004). Aggregation of energy. Encyclopedia of Energy, Elsevier Inc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.32479\/ijeep.8030","article-title":"Energy consumption and economic growth: The evidence from India","volume":"9","author":"Sultan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2019.104564","article-title":"The dynamic dependence of fossil energy, investor sentiment and renewable energy stock markets","volume":"84","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2018.06.015","article-title":"Economic, environmental, and social performance indicators of sustainability reporting: Evidence from the Russian oil and gas industry","volume":"121","author":"Orazalin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johl, S.K., and Toha, M.A. (2021). The Nexus between Proactive Eco-Innovation and Firm Financial Performance: A Circular Economy Perspective. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13116253"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/1368-423X.00043","article-title":"Testing for Stationary in Heterogeneous Panel Data","volume":"3","author":"Hadri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Econom. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1177\/0038038515583637","article-title":"Interpretive quantitative methods for the social sciences","volume":"50","author":"Babones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sociology"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Wooldridge, J.M. (2015). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach, Cengage Learning."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Gujarati, D.N., and Porter, D.C. (1999). Essentials of Econometrics, Irwin\/McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Gujarati, D.N., Porter, D.C., and Gunasekar, S. (2012). Basic Econometrics, Tata McGraw-Hill Education."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C., and Sarstedt, M. (2016). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), Sage Publications."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-011-0261-6","article-title":"An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research","volume":"40","author":"Hair","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Acad. Mark. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Tabachnick, B.G., and Fidell, L.S. (2007). Experimental Designs Using ANOVA, Thomson\/Brooks\/Cole."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faraway, J.J. (2016). Extending the Linear Model with R: Generalized Linear, Mixed Effects and Nonparametric Regression Models, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315382722"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Greene, W.H. (2003). Econometric Analysis, Pearson Education."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics, Sage."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Montgomery, D.C., Jennings, C.L., and Kulahci, M. (2015). Introduction to Time Series Analysis and Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.03.2.p043","article-title":"Understanding power and rules of thumb for determining sample sizes","volume":"3","author":"VanVoorhis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tutor. Quant. Methods Psychol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2307\/2297111","article-title":"The Lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics","volume":"47","author":"Breusch","year":"1980","journal-title":"Rev. Econ. Stud."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1207\/s15328031us0304_4","article-title":"A beginner\u2019s guide to partial least squares analysis","volume":"3","author":"Haenlein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Underst. Stat."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Bickel, R. (2007). Multilevel Analysis for Applied Research: It\u2019s Just Regression!, Guilford Press."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.134.1.108","article-title":"Human cognition and a pile of sand: A discussion on serial correlations and self-organized criticality","volume":"134","author":"Wagenmakers","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.2307\/1913827","article-title":"Specification tests in econometrics","volume":"46","author":"Hausman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.04.215","article-title":"Eco-innovation measurement: A review of firm performance indicators","volume":"191","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Arundel, A., and Kemp, R. (2009). Measuring Eco-Innovation, UNU-MERIT."}],"container-title":["Data"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5729\/6\/12\/131\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:44:39Z","timestamp":1760168679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5729\/6\/12\/131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["data6120131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/data6120131","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-5729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-5729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]}}}