{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T12:15:11Z","timestamp":1767183311145,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Data"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The more complex and globalized social structures become, the greater the need for new ways of exchanging information and knowledge. Legal science is a field that needs to be codified to allow the interoperability between people and states, as well as between humans and machines. The objective of this work is to develop an ontology in order to describe two different pillars of codified law (civil and criminal) and be able to depict the interaction between them. To answer the above question, we examine the Greek Criminal Law as depicted in the Greek Penal Code (\u03a0\u039a) and the way its articles can be analyzed. Then we examine Tort as described in the Greek Civil Code (A\u039a) and link the two codifications through the concepts of illegality and damage, both being prerequisites of tortious liability. Following that, through the Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 application, a legal ontology is created in the OWL semantic language, while finally, four articles of the Penal Code are codified in the ontology and a presentation of their relation to the civil tort is required from a reasoning algorithm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/data7120176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T02:15:33Z","timestamp":1670811333000},"page":"176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Semantic Representation of the Intersection of Criminal Law &amp; Civil Tort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5056-1952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros Z.","family":"Spyropoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, School of Science, Kavala\u2019s Campus, International Hellenic University (IHU), GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Inter-Faculty Master Program on Networks and Complexity, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Library Science, Archives and Information Systems, School of Social Sciences, Alexander\u2019s Campus, International Hellenic University, GR-57400 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"given":"Angelos","family":"Kornilakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inter-Faculty Master Program on Networks and Complexity, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"School of Law, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0246-4258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios C.","family":"Makris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inter-Faculty Master Program on Networks and Complexity, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6400-3233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charalampos","family":"Bratsas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inter-Faculty Master Program on Networks and Complexity, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, Alexander\u2019s Campus, International Hellenic University (IHU), GR-57400 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"given":"Vassilis","family":"Tsiantos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, School of Science, Kavala\u2019s Campus, International Hellenic University (IHU), GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Antoniou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inter-Faculty Master Program on Networks and Complexity, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1108\/13673279910288572","article-title":"Knowledge management: The new challenge for the 21st century","volume":"3","author":"McCampbell","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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