{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T18:49:24Z","timestamp":1760986164669,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0714-2020-0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0714-2020-0006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shared Research Facilities of the Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS","award":["0714-2020-0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0714-2020-0006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Data"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mass spectrometry fingerprinting combined with multidimensional data analysis has been proposed in surgery to determine if a biopsy sample is a tumor. In the specific case of brain tumors, it is complicated to obtain control samples, leading to model overfitting due to unbalanced sample cohorts. Usually, classifiers are trained using a single measurement regime, most notably single ion polarity, but mass range and spectral resolution could also be varied. It is known that lipid groups differ significantly in their ability to produce positive or negative ions; hence, using only one polarity significantly restricts the chemical space available for sample discrimination purposes. In this work, we have developed an approach employing mass spectrometry data obtained by eight different regimes of measurement simultaneously. Regime-specific classifiers are trained, then a mixture of experts techniques based on voting or mean probability is used to aggregate predictions of all trained classifiers and assign a class to the whole sample. The aggregated classifiers have shown a much better performance than any of the single-regime classifiers and help significantly reduce the effect of an unbalanced dataset without any augmentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/data8010008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T08:42:22Z","timestamp":1672216942000},"page":"8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Aggregation of Multimodal ICE-MS Data into Joint Classifier Increases Quality of Brain Cancer Tissue Classification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Anatoly A.","family":"Sorokin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia"}]},{"given":"Denis S.","family":"Bormotov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5469-216X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis S.","family":"Zavorotnyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia"}]},{"given":"Vasily A.","family":"Eliferov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia"}]},{"given":"Konstantin V.","family":"Bocharov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V. L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Science, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9622-3457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanislav I.","family":"Pekov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}]},{"given":"Evgeny N.","family":"Nikolaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"given":"Igor A.","family":"Popov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.33176\/AACB-19-00023","article-title":"Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry: A Paradigm Shift in Toxicology Screening Applications","volume":"40","author":"Allen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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