{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T15:25:15Z","timestamp":1769095515593,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R01 NS111019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS111019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Data"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Invasive intracranial electrodes are used in both clinical and research applications for recording and stimulation of brain tissue, providing essential data in acute and chronic contexts. The impedance characteristics of the electrode\u2013tissue interface (ETI) evolve over time and can change dramatically relative to pre-implantation baseline. Understanding how ETI properties contribute to the recording and stimulation characteristics of an electrode can provide valuable insights for users who often do not have access to complex impedance characterizations of their devices. In contrast to the typical method of characterizing electrical impedance at a single frequency, we demonstrate a method for using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to investigate complex characteristics of the ETI of several commonly used acute and chronic electrodes. We also describe precise modeling strategies for verifying the accuracy of our instrumentation and understanding device\u2013solution interactions, both in vivo and in vitro. Included with this publication is a dataset containing both in vitro and in vivo device characterizations, as well as some examples of modeling and error structure analysis results. These data can be used for more detailed interpretation of neural recordings performed on common electrode types, providing a more complete picture of their properties than is often available to users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/data9060078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T06:40:26Z","timestamp":1717656026000},"page":"78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["In Vivo and In Vitro Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Acute and Chronic Intracranial Electrodes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1948-6528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle","family":"O\u2019Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7046-9125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Philip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1779-8237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 407 E 61st St, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8843-5468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Rolston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham & Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3668-7767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Orazem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, 1030 Center Drive, P.O. Box 116005, Gainesville, FL 32611-6005, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2317-6194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Otto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, NEB 363, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2319-1263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Butson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, NEB 363, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"},{"name":"Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, 3009 Williston Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.06.023","article-title":"Tissue and electrode capacitance reduce neural activation volumes during deep brain stimulation","volume":"116","author":"Butson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"026022","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ad3416","article-title":"Acute to long-term characteristics of impedance recordings during neurostimulation in humans","volume":"21","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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