{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T23:11:25Z","timestamp":1760224285065,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,30]],"date-time":"1999-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":938649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper discusses an analytical approach to explaining a nearly constant high job approval rating of president Clinton between January, 1998 and February, 1999. Despite all the controversy and massive information exposure to mostly unflattering news about Mr. Clinton; the public, in nearly all major opinion polls expressed their wish that Mr. Clinton be allowed to complete his second term in the office. The analytical approach is based on the information entropy theory of Shannon. The model is tested using the data from the polling archives of ABC\/Washington Post. The results are confirmed by the Kendall's \u03c4 statistics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e1030037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,25]],"date-time":"2008-10-25T13:44:42Z","timestamp":1224942282000},"page":"37-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Towards an Information Entropy Model of Job Approval Rating: The Clinton Presidency"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Rajendra G.","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Public Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"}]},{"given":"Roger R.","family":"Stough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Public Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"}]},{"given":"Kingsley E.","family":"Haynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geography and Public Affairs, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Yelic, J. L., and Todd, J.R. (1989). Public Opinion: the visible politics, F.E. Peacock publishers."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Yankelovich, D. (1991). Coming to Public Judgement: making democracy work in a complex world, Syracuse University Press."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"This adage is a variation of a quote from Scott Fitzeralds: \u201cThere is no second act in American lives.\u201d"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(a) Gallup Organization, 1999. http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/release\/pr980211.asp (b) Dr. George Gallup pioneered public evaluation of presidents with President Roosevelt in the 1930s. Since then, the basic question, \u201cDo you approve or disapprove of the way [name of president] is handling his job as president?\u201d has become the standard in political polling."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"ABC\/Washigton Post Polling Archive: http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-srv\/politics\/polls\/polls.htm."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Kendall, M.G. (1962). Rank Correlation Methods, Hafner Publishing Company, Inc."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"USA Today: http:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/elect\/eq\/eqindex.htm."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Jessop, A. (1995). Informed Assessments, Ellis Harwood."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Shannon, C., and Weaver, W. (1963). The Mathematical Theory of Communication, Univ. of Illinois Press."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Levine, R.D., and Tribus, M. (1979). MIT Press."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Applebaum, D. (1996). Probability and Information: An Integrated Approach, Cambridge Univ. Press."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0121(78)90016-2","article-title":"The Entropy Paradox and the Distribution of Urban Population","volume":"12","author":"Hyanes","year":"1978","journal-title":"Socio-Economic Planning Structures"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Paelinck, J. H. P. Working paper. Model of public opinion: A Fuzzy Probability Approach to Opinion Diffusion Dynamics, JHPP\/WPS2\/WP6\/02.15.99."}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/1\/3\/37\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:28:47Z","timestamp":1760221727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/1\/3\/37"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,30]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]}},"alternative-id":["e1030037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e1030037","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-4300"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,30]]}}}