{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:37:12Z","timestamp":1760243832864,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,27]],"date-time":"2011-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, the entropy generation minimization (EGM) method is applied to an industrial heat transfer problem: the forced convective cooling of a LED-based spotlight. The design specification calls for eighteen diodes arranged on a circular copper plate of 35 mm diameter. Every diode dissipates 3 W and the maximum allowedtemperature of the plate is 80 \u00b0C. The cooling relies on the forced convection driven by a jet of air impinging on the plate. An initial complex geometry of plate fins is presented and analyzed with a commercial CFD code that computes the entropy generation rate. A pseudo-optimization process is carried out via a successive series of design modifications based on a careful analysis of the entropy generation maps. One of the advantages of the EGM method is that the rationale behind each step of the design process can be justified on a physical basis. It is found that the best performance is attained when the fins are periodically spaced in the radial direction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e13071212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,27]],"date-time":"2011-06-27T22:44:03Z","timestamp":1309214643000},"page":"1212-1228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Application of the EGM Method to a LED-Based Spotlight: A Constrained Pseudo-Optimization Design Process Based on the Analysis of the Local Entropy Generation Maps"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Giangaspero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Roma 1 \u201cLa Sapienza\u201d, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2220-1762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Sciubba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Roma 1 \u201cLa Sapienza\u201d, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,27]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Bejan, A. (1982). Entropy Generation through Heat and Fluid Flow, Wiley.","key":"ref_1"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3451063","article-title":"A study of entropy generation in fundamental convective heat transfer","volume":"101","author":"Bejan","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Heat Tran."},{"unstructured":"Benedetti, P., and Sciubba, E. (December, January 11). Numerical calculation of the local rate of entropy generation around a heated finned-tube. Proceedings of the 1993 ASME Winter Annual Meeting, New Orleans, AL, USA.","key":"ref_3"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2818496","article-title":"Minimization of the local rates of entropy production in the design of air-cooled gas turbine blades","volume":"121","author":"Natalini","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Eng. Gas Turb. Power"},{"unstructured":"Robbe, M., and Sciubba, E. (, January July). 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Tech."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAPT.2004.831812","article-title":"Optimal design methodology of plate-fin heat sinks for electronic cooling using entropy generation strategy","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Tech."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1504\/IJETP.2008.017030","article-title":"The computation of the entropy generation rate for turbomachinery design applications: Some theoretical remarks and practical examples","volume":"6","author":"Iandoli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Energ. Tech. Pol."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"83","article-title":"3-D numerical calculation of the local entropy generation rates in a radial compressor stage","volume":"8","author":"Iandoli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Therm."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2003.11.025","article-title":"Local entropy production in turbulent shear flows: A high-reynolds number model with wall functions","volume":"47","author":"Herwig","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Tran."},{"unstructured":"Sciubba, E. (2007, January 27\u201330). Some remarks about the computation of the entropy generation rate for turbomachinery design applications. Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena, Daejeon, South Korea.","key":"ref_13"},{"unstructured":"(2006). 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