{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T15:04:56Z","timestamp":1781708696898,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,22]],"date-time":"2013-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In plasmas, Debye screening structures the possible correlations between particles. We identify a phase space minimum h* in non-equilibrium space plasmas that connects the energy of particles in a Debye sphere to an equivalent wave frequency.  In particular, while there is no a priori reason to expect a single value of h* across plasmas, we find a very similar value of h*  \u2248 (7.5 \u00b1 2.4)\u00d710\u221222 J\u00b7s using four independent methods: (1) Ulysses solar wind measurements, (2) space plasmas that typically reside in stationary states out of thermal equilibrium and spanning a broad range of physical properties, (3) an entropic limit emerging from statistical mechanics, (4) waiting-time distributions of explosive events in space plasmas. Finding a quasi-constant value for the phase space minimum in a variety of different plasmas, similar to the classical Planck constant but 12 orders of magnitude larger may be revealing a new type of quantization in many plasmas and correlated systems more generally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e15031118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,22]],"date-time":"2013-03-22T12:44:31Z","timestamp":1363956271000},"page":"1118-1134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Evidence of Large-Scale Quantization in Space Plasmas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"George","family":"Livadiotis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Rd., San Antonio, TX 78238, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"McComas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Rd., San Antonio, TX 78238, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Pais, A. 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