{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:12:58Z","timestamp":1760220778996,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,29]],"date-time":"2013-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ideal-gas barometric and pressure laws are derived from the Democritian concept of independent corpuscles moving in vacuum, plus a principle of simplicity, namely that these laws are independent of the kinetic part of the Hamiltonian. A single corpuscle in contact with a heat bath in a cylinder and submitted to a constant force (weight) is considered. The paper importantly supplements a previously published paper: First, the stability of ideal gases is established. Second, we show that when walls separate the cylinder into parts and are later removed, the entropy is unaffected. We obtain full agreement with Landsberg\u2019s and others\u2019 (1994) classical thermodynamic result for the entropy of a column of gas submitted to gravity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e15093379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,29]],"date-time":"2013-08-29T12:45:08Z","timestamp":1377780308000},"page":"3379-3395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A New Perspective on Classical Ideal Gases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jacques","family":"Arnaud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mas Liron, F30440 Saint Martial, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Chusseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IES, UMR n\u00b0214 au CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier II, F34095 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Philippe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Montpellier III and LIRMM, UMR \u00b0506 au CNRS, 161 rue Ada, F34392 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1119\/1.17502","article-title":"Entropy of a column of gas under gravitation","volume":"62","author":"Landsberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. 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Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermo-statistics, Wiley. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1088\/0143-0807\/34\/1\/83","article-title":"Comment on the law of entropy increase in thermodynamics","volume":"34","author":"Mello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phys."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.3390\/e12081936","article-title":"In defense of Gibbs and the traditional definition of the entropy of distinguishable particles","volume":"12","author":"Nagle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6638(08)70138-0","article-title":"Hamiltonian theory of beam mode propagation","volume":"11","author":"Arnaud","year":"1973","journal-title":"Progr. 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