{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T21:08:28Z","timestamp":1785964108177,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,30]],"date-time":"2014-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work is focused on the thermodynamic optimization of Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs), coupled with absorption or adsorption cooling units, for combined cooling heating and power (CCHP) generation from biomass combustion. Results were obtained by modelling with the main aim of providing optimization guidelines for the operating conditions of these types of systems, specifically the subcritical or transcritical ORC, when integrated in a CCHP system to supply typical heating and cooling demands in the tertiary sector. The thermodynamic approach was complemented, to avoid its possible limitations, by the technological constraints of the expander, the heat exchangers and the pump of the ORC. The working fluids considered are: n-pentane, n-heptane, octamethyltrisiloxane, toluene and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane. In addition, the energy and environmental performance of the different optimal CCHP plants was investigated. The optimal plant from the energy and environmental point of view is the one integrated by a toluene recuperative ORC, although it is limited to a development with a turbine type expander. Also, the trigeneration plant could be developed in an energy and environmental efficient way with an n-pentane recuperative ORC and a volumetric type expander.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e16052433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,30]],"date-time":"2014-04-30T13:16:54Z","timestamp":1398863814000},"page":"2433-2453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Optimization of Biomass-Fuelled Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) Systems Integrated with Subcritical or Transcritical Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Maraver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRCE\u2014Research Centre for Energy Resources and Consumption, C\/Mariano Esquillor G\u00f3mez 15, Zaragoza 50018, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2064-209X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvain","family":"Quoilin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy Systems Research Unit, University of Li\u00e8ge, Campus du SartTilman\u2014B\u00e2timent B49, Parking P33, Li\u00e8ge B-4000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Royo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, C\/Mar\u00eda de Luna s\/n,  Zaragoza 50018, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2006.02.001","article-title":"Combined cooling, heating and power: A review","volume":"32","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. 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