{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T11:08:32Z","timestamp":1761217712347,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,21]],"date-time":"2014-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study is to numerically investigate the temperature and heat transfer characteristics of the voice coil for a woofer with and without bobbins using the thermal equivalent heat conduction models. The temperature and heat transfer characteristics of the main components of the woofer were analyzed with input powers ranging from 5 W to 60 W. The numerical results of the voice coil showed good agreement within \u00b11% of the data by Odenbach (2003). The temperatures of the voice coil and its units for the woofer without the bobbin were 6.1% and 5.0% on average, respectively; lower than those of the woofer with the bobbin. However, at an input power of 30 W for the voice coil, the temperatures of the main components of the woofer without the bobbin were 40.0% higher on average than those of the woofer obtained by Lee et al. (2013).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e16074121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,21]],"date-time":"2014-07-21T11:43:19Z","timestamp":1405942999000},"page":"4121-4131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Numerical Investigation on the Temperature Characteristics of the Voice Coil for a Woofer Using Thermal Equivalent Heat Conduction Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8857-4444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moo-Yeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-A University, Hadan 840, Saha-gu,  Busan 604-714, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hyung-Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-A University, Hadan 840, Saha-gu,  Busan 604-714, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mechanical properties of ferrofluids in loudspeakers","volume":"125","author":"Lemarquand","year":"2008","journal-title":"Audio Eng. Soc. Conv"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.17958\/ksmt.14.2.201204.19","article-title":"The analysis of the non-linear parameter for the structure of an automotive woofer speaker","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Korean Soc. Mech. Tech"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"33","article-title":"Recent technology trends in home speaker","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Korean Inst. Electr. Electron. Mater. Eng. (KIEEME)"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"40","article-title":"The cause of the fire investigation practices\u2014Karaoke speaker for the cause of the fire analysis (II)","volume":"116","author":"Choe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Korea Fire Prot. Assoc"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Awrejcewics, J., and Koruba, Z. (2012). Classical Mechanics: Applied Mechanics and Mechatronics, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3978-3"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"13","article-title":"Overview of speaker industry trends and film speaker technology","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Korean Inst. Electr. Electron. Mater. Eng. (KIEEME)"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2012.11.021","article-title":"Numerical and experimental analysis of harmonic distortion in a moving-coil loudspeaker","volume":"18","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Hong, D.K., Woo, B.C., and Ahn, C.W. (2004, January 21\u201322). A study on performance improvement of daiphgram for micro speaker using table of orthogonal array. Busan, South Korea."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.4283\/JKMS.2013.23.5.166","article-title":"Numerical analysis on temperature characteristics of the voice coil for woofer speaker using ferrofluid","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Korean Magn. Soc"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"2623","article-title":"Experimental study on the heat transfer characteristics of woofer speaker unit","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Korea Acad. Ind. Coop. Soc"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, M.Y., and Kim, H.J. (2014). Heat transfer characteristics of the speaker using nano-sized ferrofluid. Entropy, submitted for publication.","DOI":"10.3390\/e16115891"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Oh, S.J. (2006). Fundamentals of Loudspeaker Engineering, SeokHakDang."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Menter, F., Ferreira, J.C., Esch, T., Konno, B., and Germany, A.C. (2003, January 2\u20137). The SST turbulence model with improved wall treatment for heat transfer predictions in gas turbines. Tokyo, Japan. IGTC2003-TS-059."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7225(92)90148-A","article-title":"Analysis of an RNG based turbulence model for separated flows","volume":"30","author":"Speziale","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Sci"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Koh, S.G., Lee, K.J., Kang, J.H., Sung, K.H., and Kim, C.J. (2008, January 23\u201325). Development of a temperature prediction tool for voice coils in loudspeakers using CFD. Gangwon-do, South Korea."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Incropera, F.P., Lavine, A.S., Bergman, T.L., and DeWitt, D.P. (2013). Principles of Heat and Mass Transfer, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-7757(02)00573-3","article-title":"Ferrofluids magnetically controlled suspensions","volume":"217","author":"Odenbach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Ionescu, C., Codreanu, N.D., Golumbeanu, V., and Svasta, P. (2005, January 19\u201322,). Thermal simulation of a high power loudspeaker. Wiener Neustadt, Austria."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Borwick, J. (2001). Loudspeaker and Headphone Handbook, FocalPress. [3rd ed]."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"9","article-title":"Future of electrotechnics: Ferrofluids","volume":"7","author":"Mayer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Electr. Electron. Eng"}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/16\/7\/4121\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:13:49Z","timestamp":1760217229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/16\/7\/4121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,21]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["e16074121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e16074121","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-4300"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,21]]}}}