{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:36:02Z","timestamp":1789731362330,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]],"date-time":"2015-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, a four stroke four cylinder direct injection CI engine was run using three different injection pressures. In all measurements, the fuel quantity per cycle, the pre injection and main injection timing, the boost pressure and the engine speed were kept constant. The motor tests were performed under 130, 140 and 150 MPa rail pressure. During the theoretical part of the study, combustion, emission, energy and exergy analysis were made using the test results. An increase in the injection pressure increases combustion efficiency. The results show that combustion efficiency is not enough by itself, because the increase in the power need of the injection pump, decreases the thermal efficiency. The increase in the combustion temperature, increases the cooling loss and decreases the exergetic efficiency. In addition, the NOx emissions increased by 12% and soot emissions decreased 44% via increasing injection pressure by 17%. The thermal and exergetic efficiencies are found inversely proportional with injection pressure. Exergy destruction is found independent of the injection pressure and its value is obtained as ~6%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e17010244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]],"date-time":"2015-01-12T13:30:46Z","timestamp":1421069446000},"page":"244-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["A Comparative Study on Energy and Exergy Analyses of a CI Engine Performed with Different Multiple Injection Strategies at Part Load: Effect of Injection Pressure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Muammer","family":"\u00d6zkan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IC Engines Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Y\u0131ld\u0131z Technical University,  Istanbul 34349, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3390\/e15010262","article-title":"Using exergy to correlate energy research investments and efficiencies: Concept and case studies","volume":"15","author":"Rosen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1080\/00908310050120272","article-title":"Thermodynamics, exergy and environmental impact","volume":"22","author":"Dincer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Energy Sour."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dincer, I. 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[4th ed.]."}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/17\/1\/244\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:41:33Z","timestamp":1760215293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/17\/1\/244"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["e17010244"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e17010244","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-4300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]]}}}