{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T12:27:54Z","timestamp":1778588874620,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,13]],"date-time":"2015-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For conditional probabilistic knowledge bases with conditionals based on propositional logic, the principle of maximum entropy (ME) is well-established, determining a unique model inductively completing the explicitly given knowledge. On the other hand, there is no general agreement on how to extend the ME principle to relational conditionals containing free variables. In this paper, we focus on two approaches to ME semantics that have been developed for first-order knowledge bases: aggregating semantics and a grounding semantics. Since they use different variants of conditionals, we define the logic PCI, which covers both approaches as special cases and provides a framework where the effects of both approaches can be studied in detail. While the ME models under PCI-grounding and PCI-aggregating semantics are different in general, we point out that parametric uniformity of a knowledge base ensures that both semantics coincide. Using some concrete knowledge bases, we illustrate the differences and common features of both approaches, looking in particular at the ground instances of the given conditionals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e17020852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,13]],"date-time":"2015-02-13T10:40:07Z","timestamp":1423824007000},"page":"852-865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Relational Probabilistic Conditionals and Their Instantiations under Maximum Entropy Semantics for First-Order Knowledge Bases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Beierle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Hagen, 58084 Hagen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Finthammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Hagen, 58084 Hagen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Kern-Isberner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Technology Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Pearl, J. 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In press."}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/17\/2\/852\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:42:41Z","timestamp":1760215361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/17\/2\/852"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,13]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["e17020852"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e17020852","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-4300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,13]]}}}