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In this paper, we introduce a new centrality index to identify influential spreaders in a network based on the community structure of the network. The community-based centrality (CbC) considers both the number and sizes of communities that are directly linked by a node. We discuss correlations between CbC and other classical centrality indices. Based on simulations of the single source of infection with the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model, we find that CbC can help to identify some critical influential nodes that other indices cannot find. We also investigate the stability of CbC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e17042228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,14]],"date-time":"2015-04-14T10:32:00Z","timestamp":1429007520000},"page":"2228-2252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["A Community-Based Approach to Identifying  Influential Spreaders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhiying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software College, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiliang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software College, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"The small world problem","volume":"1","author":"Milgram","year":"1967","journal-title":"Psychol. 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