{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:23:28Z","timestamp":1760243008372,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,30]],"date-time":"2015-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ground-level ozone concentration is a key indicator of air quality. Theremay exist sudden changes in ozone concentration data over a long time horizon, which may be caused by the implementation of government regulations and policies, such as establishing exhaust emission limits for on-road vehicles. To monitor and assess the efficacy of these policies, we propose a methodology for detecting changes in ground-level ozone concentrations, which consists of three major steps: data transformation, simultaneous autoregressive modelling and change-point detection on the estimated entropy. To show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, the methodology is applied to detect changes in ground-level ozone concentration data collected in the Toronto region of Canada between June and September for the years from 1988 to 2009. The proposed methodology is also applicable to other climate data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e17052749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,30]],"date-time":"2015-04-30T08:58:53Z","timestamp":1430384333000},"page":"2749-2763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Detection of Changes in Ground-Level Ozone Concentrations via Entropy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuehua","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baisuo","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Statistics and Finance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elton","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, M3H 5T4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Selection of a Subset of Meteorological Variables for Ozone Analysis: Case Study of Pedregal Station in Mexico City","volume":"1","author":"Reyes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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