{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:23:23Z","timestamp":1760243003882,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,12]],"date-time":"2015-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Energy and exergy characteristics of a square cylinder (SC) in confined flow are investigated computationally by numerically handling the steady-state continuity,  Navier-Stokes and energy equations in the Reynolds number range of Re = 10\u201350, where the blockage ratio (\u03b2 = B\/H) is kept constant at the high level of \u03b2 = 0.8. Computations indicated for the upstream region that, the mean non-dimensional streamwise (u\/Uo) and spanwise (v\/Uo) velocities attain the values of u\/Uo = 0.840\u00ae0.879 and v\/Uo = 0.236\u00ae0.386 (Re = 10\u00ae50) on the front-surface of the SC, implying that Reynolds number and blockage have stronger impact on the spanwise momentum activity. It is determined that flows with high Reynolds number interact with the front-surface of the SC developing thinner thermal boundary layers and greater temperature gradients, which promotes the thermal entropy generation values as well. The strict guidance of the throat, not only resulted in the fully developed flow character, but also imposed additional cooling; such that the analysis pointed out the drop of duct wall (y = 0.025 m)  non-dimensional temperature values (\u03b6) from \u03b6 = 0.387\u00ae0.926 (Re = 10\u00ae50) at xth = 0 mm to \u03b6 = 0.002\u00ae0.266 at xth = 40 mm. In the downstream region, spanwise thermal disturbances are evaluated to be most inspectable in the vortex driven region, where the temperature values show decrease trends in the spanwise direction. In the corresponding domain, exergy destruction is determined to grow with Reynolds number and decrease in the streamwise direction (xds = 0\u00ae10 mm). Besides, asymmetric entropy distributions as well were recorded due to the comprehensive mixing caused by the vortex system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e17053124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,12]],"date-time":"2015-05-12T11:05:31Z","timestamp":1431428731000},"page":"3124-3151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["2D Temperature Analysis of Energy and Exergy Characteristics of Laminar Steady Flow across a Square Cylinder under Strong Blockage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Korukcu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Uludag, Gorukle, 16059 Bursa, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cep.2004.02.004","article-title":"Wall effects in flow past a circular cylinder in a plane channel: A numerical study","volume":"43","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chem. 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