{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:23:52Z","timestamp":1760243032691,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,9]],"date-time":"2015-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61275120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61275120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a novel self-creating disk-cell-splitting (SCDCS) algorithm is proposed for training the radial wavelet neural network (RWNN) model. Combining with the least square (LS) method which determines the linear weight coefficients, SCDCS can create neurons adaptively on a disk according to the distribution of input data and learning goals. As a result, a disk map is made for input data as well as a RWNN model with proper architecture and parameters can be decided for the recognition task. The proposed SCDCS-LS based RWNN model is employed for the recognition of license plate characters. Compared to the classical radial-basis-function (RBF) network with K-means clustering and LS, the proposed model can make a better recognition performance even with fewer neurons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e17063857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,10]],"date-time":"2015-06-10T14:06:12Z","timestamp":1433945172000},"page":"3857-3876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Radial Wavelet Neural Network with a Novel Self-Creating Disk-Cell-Splitting Algorithm for License Plate Character Recognition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, North University of China, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030051, China"},{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, North University of China, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, North University of China, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongping","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, North University of China, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiuhui","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, North University of China, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030051, China"},{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, North University of China, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"66","article-title":"A Recognition System of China-style License Plates Based on Mathematical Morphology and Neural Network","volume":"4","author":"Bai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. 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