{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T13:44:08Z","timestamp":1780062248951,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,19]],"date-time":"2015-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11474168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11474168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61401222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61401222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Qing Lan Project in Jiangsu Province"},{"name":"the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Concurrence provides us an effective approach to quantify entanglement, which is quite important in quantum information processing applications. In the paper, we mainly review some direct concurrence measurement protocols of the two-qubit optical or atomic system. We first introduce the concept of concurrence for a two-qubit system. Second, we explain the approaches of the concurrence measurement in both a linear and a nonlinear optical system. Third, we introduce some protocols for measuring the concurrence of the atomic entanglement system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e17064293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,19]],"date-time":"2015-06-19T10:23:33Z","timestamp":1434709413000},"page":"4293-4322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Concurrence Measurement for the Two-Qubit Optical and Atomic States"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Lan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mathematics & Physics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Bo","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"Institute of Signal Processing Transmission, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.47.777","article-title":"Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete?","volume":"47","author":"Einstein","year":"1935","journal-title":"Phys. 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