{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T06:19:18Z","timestamp":1762928358832,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,8]],"date-time":"2015-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Image splicing is a common operation in image forgery. Different techniques of image splicing detection have been utilized to regain people\u2019s trust. This study introduces a texture enhancement technique involving the use of fractional differential masks based on the Machado entropy. The masks slide over the tampered image, and each pixel of the tampered image is convolved with the fractional mask weight window on eight directions. Consequently, the fractional differential texture descriptors are extracted using the gray-level co-occurrence matrix for image splicing detection. The support vector machine is used as a classifier that distinguishes between authentic and spliced images. Results prove that the achieved improvements of the proposed algorithm are compatible with other splicing detection methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e17074775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,8]],"date-time":"2015-07-08T10:10:02Z","timestamp":1436350202000},"page":"4775-4785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Fractional Differential Texture Descriptors Based on the Machado Entropy for Image Splicing Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9341-025X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabha","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mathematical Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Moghaddasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4823-6851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid","family":"Jalab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafidah","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2011.05.013","article-title":"Digital image splicing detection based on approximate run length","volume":"32","author":"He","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. 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