{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T08:43:34Z","timestamp":1780389814269,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,27]],"date-time":"2016-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work proposes a tea-category identification (TCI) system, which can automatically determine tea category from images captured by a 3 charge-coupled device (CCD) digital camera. Three-hundred tea images were acquired as the dataset. Apart from the 64 traditional color histogram features that were extracted, we also introduced a relatively new feature as fractional Fourier entropy (FRFE) and extracted 25 FRFE features from each tea image. Furthermore, the kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) was harnessed to reduce 64 + 25 = 89 features. The four reduced features were fed into a feedforward neural network (FNN). Its optimal weights were obtained by Jaya algorithm. The 10 \u00d7 10-fold stratified cross-validation (SCV) showed that our TCI system obtains an overall average sensitivity rate of 97.9%, which was higher than seven existing approaches. In addition, we used only four features less than or equal to state-of-the-art approaches. Our proposed system is efficient in terms of tea-category identification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e18030077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]],"date-time":"2016-02-29T10:55:59Z","timestamp":1456743359000},"page":"77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Tea Category Identification Using a Novel Fractional Fourier Entropy and Jaya Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4870-1493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yudong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, Nanjing 210042, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System &amp; Advanced Manufacturing Technology, College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0009-4599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Mechanics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7504-0424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Cattani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering School (DEIM), University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravipudi","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat 395007, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, Nanjing 210042, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preetha","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV 25443, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.10.2409","article-title":"Effects of tea consumption on nutrition and health","volume":"130","author":"Yang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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